Table 6.
Changes in the dietary intake before and at the end of Ramadan for the overweight/obese subjects (n = 57).
| Nutrient | Before Ramadan(T1) | At the endof Ramadan(T2) | Significance as compared to baseline | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2,123.08 | 754.20 | 2,150.43 | 847.11 | NS |
| Fat calories (kcal/day) | 694.50 | 396.38 | 687.07 | 366.23 | NS |
| Protein (g/d) | 108.35 | 36.61 | 89.93 | 39.25 | 0.002* |
| Total carbohydrates (g/d) | 253.66 | 94.84 | 282.74 | 122.88 | NS |
| Total sugars (g/d) | 65.90 | 31.33 | 107.73 | 53.71 | 0.001** |
| Total fats (g/d) | 77.32 | 44.08 | 76.76 | 41.10 | NS |
| Saturated Fat | 23.49 | 12.55 | 22.66 | 12.20 | NS |
| Total water (ml/day) | 1,397.02 | 690.34 | 1,518.62 | 808.16 | NS |
| MUFA (g/d) | 20.23 | 11.24 | 23.05 | 13.78 | NS |
| PUFA (g/d) | 10.47 | 8.09 | 16.32 | 16.81 | 0.016* |
| Trans fat (mg/d) | 0.50 | 0.81 | 0.47 | 1.21 | NS |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 394.85 | 176.89 | 272.56 | 181.90 | 0.001** |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 73.50 | 50.63 | 97.43 | 66.71 | 0.006* |
| α-Carotene (μg/d) | 12.61 | 22.82 | 16.24 | 33.30 | NS |
| β-Carotene (μg/d) | 393.88 | 657.97 | 576.24 | 938.61 | NS |
| Omega 3 (mg/d) | 0.66 | 0.56 | 1.82 | 2.29 | 0.001** |
| Omega 6 (mg/d) | 7.84 | 7.08 | 10.06 | 10.70 | NS |
| Lycopene (μg/d) | 1,484.37 | 3,493.41 | 4,234.36 | 9,700.64 | 0.048* |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 5.75 | 3.57 | 8.49 | 9.44 | 0.042* |
| Selenium (μg/d) | 85.84 | 48.50 | 70.98 | 47.22 | NS |
Paired t-test comparing the variables at the end of RIF (T2) with pre-fasting baseline (T1).
MUFA, Monounsaturated fat; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fat.
*P <0.05, significant difference.
**P <0.001, highly significant difference.