Table 1.
Characteristics of cohort participants by mortality status at 1 year after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy initiation
| Variables | Died within 365 days (N=617) | Survived >365 days (N=1590) | P value |
| Baseline | |||
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 67.5 (59.4,75.1) | 66.1 (57.6,74.8) | 0.047 |
| Female sex | 271 (43.9%) | 688 (43.3%) | 0.78 |
| Black race | 41 (6.6%) | 105 (6.6%) | 0.97 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 386 (62.6%) | 939 (59.1%) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes | 139 (22.5%) | 316 (19.9%) | 0.17 |
| CKD | 69 (11.2%) | 165 (10.4%) | 0.58 |
| Cirrhosis | 19 (3.1%) | 23 (1.4%) | 0.01 |
| Cancer type and stage | |||
| Lung | 292 (47.3%) | 594 (37.4%) | <0.001 |
| Melanoma | 65 (10.5%) | 317 (19.9%) | <0.001 |
| Kidney | 64 (10.4%) | 225 (14.2%) | 0.02 |
| Digestive | 53 (8.6%) | 65 (4.1%) | <0.001 |
| Head and neck | 33 (5.3%) | 77 (4.8%) | 0.62 |
| Breast | 10 (1.6%) | 57 (3.6%) | 0.02 |
| Other | 100 (16.2%) | 255 (16%) | 0.92 |
| Stage 4 cancer | 555 (90%) | 1267 (79.7%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Creatinine | 0.9 (0.7,1.1) | 0.9 (0.7,1.1) | 0.07 |
| eGFR | 83.4 (60.9, 98.2) | 82.9 (63.5, 95.6) | 0.55 |
| Blood urea nitrogen | 16 (12, 20) | 16 (12, 21) | 0.13 |
| Hemoglobin | 11.5 (10.2, 12.8) | 12.7 (11.2, 14) | <0.001 |
| Platelet count | 264 (194, 345) | 243 (195, 306) | <0.001 |
| Bicarbonate | 26 (24, 27) | 26 (24, 27) | 0.65 |
| Medication use | |||
| Antibiotic | 357 (57.9%) | 853 (53.6%) | 0.07 |
| PPI | 184 (29.8%) | 338 (21.3%) | <0.001 |
| NSAID | 152 (24.6%) | 332 (20.9%) | 0.06 |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) | |||
| Ipilimumab | 92 (14.9%) | 307 (19.3%) | 0.02 |
| Nivolumab | 289 (46.8%) | 708 (44.5%) | 0.33 |
| Pembrolizumab | 196 (31.8%) | 550 (34.6%) | 0.21 |
| Other ICI | 100 (16.2%) | 257 (16.2%) | 0.98 |
| Multiple | 75 (12.2%) | 265 (16.7%) | 0.01 |
| During follow-up | |||
| Acute kidney injury | 193 (31.3%) | 356 (22.4%) | <0.001 |
| AKI stage 1 | 92 (14.9%) | 225 (14.2%) | 0.65 |
| AKI stage 2 or higher | 101 (16.4%) | 131 (8.2%) | <0.001 |
| Peak creatinine | 1.1 (0.8,1.6) | 1.1 (0.9,1.5) | 0.49 |
| Dialysis | 7 (1.1%) | 8 (0.5%) | 0.11 |
| Immune-related adverse events | |||
| Pneumonitis | 55 (8.9%) | 54 (3.4%) | <0.001 |
| Adrenalitis | 53 (8.6%) | 214 (13.5%) | 0.002 |
| Colitis | 52 (8.4%) | 184 (11.6%) | 0.03 |
| Dermatitis | 46 (7.5%) | 243 (15.3%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis | 17 (2.8%) | 58 (3.6%) | 0.30 |
| Thyroiditis | 16 (2.6%) | 91 (5.7%) | 0.002 |
| Hypophysitis | 14 (2.3%) | 91 (5.7%) | 0.001 |
| Interstitial nephritis | 8 (1.3%) | 31 (2.0%) | 0.29 |
Immune-related adverse events defined using ICD codes. Complete list of ICD codes is presented in online supplemental file 1.
AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD, international classification of diseases; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitors.