Table 4.
Characteristics of patients receiving suboptimal and optimal guideline-recommended care in the low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk categories
| Low-risk category | Intermediate-risk category | High-risk category | |||||||
| Suboptimal (n=1046) | Optimal (n=1282) | P value | Suboptimal (n=929) | Optimal (n=882) |
P value | Suboptimal (n=471) | Optimal (n=301) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 59 (52-66) | 57 (52-64) | <0.01 | 73 (68-78) | 71 (66-77) | <0.01 | 82 (76-86) | 79 (73-84) | <0.01 |
| ≥75 years (%) | 46 (4.4%) | 36 (2.8%) | 0.04 | 393 (42.3%) | 302 (34.2%) | <0.01 | 373 (79.2%) | 213 (70.1%) | <0.01 |
| Female sex (%) | 278 (26.6%) | 286 (22.3%) | 0.02 | 290 (31.2%) | 289 (32.8%) | 0.48 | 174 (36.9%) | 84 (27.9%) | <0.01 |
| Current smoker (%) | 394 (37.7%) | 507 (39.5%) | 0.35 | 196 (21.1%) | 195 (22.1%) | 0.63 | 53 (11.3%) | 45 (15.0%) | 0.14 |
| Hypertension (%) | 491 (46.9%) | 652 (50.9%) | 0.06 | 542 (58.3%) | 556 (63.0%) | 0.05 | 303 (64.3%) | 203 (67.4%) | 0.38 |
| Hyperlipidaemia (%) | 560 (53.5%) | 700 (54.6%) | 0.61 | 558 (60.1%) | 554 (62.8%) | 0.28 | 276 (58.6%) | 160 (53.2%) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 204 (19.5%) | 225 (17.6%) | 0.23 | 215 (23.1%) | 188 (21.3%) | 0.33 | 113 (24.0%) | 69 (22.9%) | 0.73 |
| Prior stroke or TIA (%) | 63 (6.0%) | 62 (4.8%) | 0.21 | 114 (12.3%) | 88 (10.0%) | 0.12 | 77 (16.3%) | 34 (11.3%) | 0.05 |
| Prior MI (%) | 225 (21.5%) | 242 (18.9%) | 0.11 | 212 (22.8%) | 178 (20.2%) | 0.15 | 139 (29.5%) | 79 (26.2%) | 0.32 |
| Prior PCI (%) | 239 (22.8%) | 236 (18.4%) | <0.01 | 231 (24.9%) | 200 (22.7%) | 0.25 | 122 (25.9%) | 57 (18.9%) | 0.03 |
| Prior CABG (%) | 63 (6.0%) | 61 (4.8%) | 0.18 | 123 (13.2%) | 79 (9.0%) | <0.01 | 76 (16.1%) | 37 (12.3%) | 0.14 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 68 (59–78) | 71 (62–82) | <0.01 | 73 (60–86) | 75 (63–88) | <0.01 | 84 (68–103) | 87 (70–106) | 0.25 |
| Heart rate <60 bpm (%) | 263 (25.1%) | 230 (17.9%) | <0.01 | 197 (21.2%) | 141 (16.0%) | <0.01 | 64 (13.6%) | 32 (10.6%) | 0.23 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 143 (130–159) | 146 (130–161) | 0.03 | 140 (122-157) | 140 (123-156) | 0.43 | 129 (113-14) | 130 (118-147) | 0.34 |
| SBP <110 mm Hg (%) | 41 (3.9%) | 50 (3.9%) | 0.97 | 101 (10.9%) | 78 (8.8%) | 0.15 | 87 (18.5%) | 41 (13.6%) | 0.08 |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 77 (67–90) | 77 (67–88) | 0.46 | 86 (72–101) | 83 (70–99) | 0.02 | 97 (79–124) | 91 (75–110) | <0.01 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min (%)* | 69 (6.6%) | 65 (5.1%) | 0.11 | 199 (21.4%) | 176 (20.0%) | 0.44 | 213 (45.2%) | 87 (28.9%) | <0.01 |
| eGFR <30 mL/min (%)* | 6 (0.6%) | 5 (0.4%) | 0.52 | 21 (2.3%) | 6 (0.7%) | <0.01 | 40 (8.5%) | 11 (3.7%) | <0.01 |
| STE-ACS diagnosis (%) | 305 (29.2%) | 541 (42.2%) | <0.01 | 326 (35.1%) | 475 (53.9%) | <0.01 | 169 (35.9%) | 169 (56.1%) | <0.01 |
| Cardiac arrest at admission (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (0.6%) | 0.01 | 19 (2.0%) | 29 (3.3%) | 0.1 | 55 (11.7%) | 58 (19.3%) | <0.01 |
| Cardiogenic shock (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | N/A | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.5 | 17 (3.6%) | 22 (7.3%) | 0.02 |
| PRECISE-DAPT score ≥25 (%)† | 84 (0.8%) | 87 (0.7%) | 0.24 | 376 (40.5%) | 311 (35.3%) | 0.02 | 366 (77.7%) | 211 (70.1%) | 0.01 |
Values are presented as median (25th–75th IQR) or number of patients (percentage).
*Glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation.
†PRECISE-DAPT score could not be calculated in 46, 29 and 19 cases in the low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk category, respectively.
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure; STE-ACS, ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.