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. 2022 Mar 17;13:778221. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.778221

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Copyright © 2022 Yang, Geng, You, Yuan, Meng, Ma, Gu and Lei.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of rhein on the inflammatory cytokine levels in pancreatic tissue of the SAP rat model. (A) Serum amylase levels in the SO, SAP and rhein groups. (B) Serum TNF-α levels in the SO, SAP and rhein groups. (C) Serum IL-6 levels in the SO, SAP and rhein groups. (D) Myeloperoxidase levels in the SO, SAP and rhein groups. (E) Serum lipase levels in the SO, SAP and rhein groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5 per group). Significance between groups was evaluated by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey post hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared with the SO group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 and ^### p < 0.001 compared with the SAP group. SO, sham operation; SAP, severe acute pancreatitis; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; IL-6, interleukin-6.