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. 2022 Mar 17;13:826471. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826471

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Copyright © 2022 Lee, Lee, Ma, Kamle, Elias, Zhou and Lee.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Suggested pathway that chitinase 1 uses to regulate TGF-β signaling. Chitinase 1 (CHIT1) binds with transforming growth factor beta receptor associated protein 1 (Tgfbrap1), enhances the canonical receptor mediated Smads2/3 signaling potentially through recruiting of Co-Smad4. CHIT1 also interacts with transcription factor forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) that reduces the nuclear FoxO3 and that results into decreased the Smad7 expression. RI, TGF-β receptor 1; RII, TGF-β receptor 2; p, phosphorylation; ECM, extracellular matrix proteins.