Table 2.
Summary of studies included the meta-analyses on the relationship between work addiction and personality
| Authors, year, country | Sample size | Population studied | Mean age (years) | % of males | Personality variables included in the meta-analysis | Work addiction scales | Scales used for personality factors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andreassen, Bjorvatn, et al., 2016; Norway | 1,267 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 35.7 | 9.8 | Agreeableness, | BWAS | Mini-IPIP |
| Extraversion, | ||||||||
| Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Openness | ||||||||
| 2 | Andreassen, Griffiths, et al., 2014; Norway | 1,124 | Nationally representative sample of adult employees | no data | 49.0 | Agreeableness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Intellect/imagination | BWAS | Mini-IPIP |
| 3 | Atroszko et al., 2016a; Norway & Poland | 1,560 + 1,264 | Convenience samples of working students | 30.2 + 24.5 | 30.6 + 22.2 | Agreeableness, | BWAS | TIPI |
| Extraversion, | ||||||||
| Neuroticism, Conscientiousness. Openness | ||||||||
| 4 | Atroszko et al., 2017; Poland | 723 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 36.4 | 27.7 | Agreeableness, | BWAS | Mini-IPIP |
| Extraversion, | ||||||||
| Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Openness | ||||||||
| 5 | Aziz, Zamary & Wuensch, 2018; USA | 414 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 45.2 | 33.7 | Self-esteem | WAQ | RSES |
| 6 | Bovornusvakool et al., 2012; USA | 325 | Convenience sample of undergraduate students | 22.4 | 21.5 | Positive affectivity, Negative affectivity, Perfectionism | WART | PANAS APS-R |
| 7 | Butucescu & Uscatescu, 2013; Romania | 137 | Convenience sample of adult employees | No data | 46.7 | Obsessive-compulsiveness, Trait anxiety | DUWAS | WABI |
| 8 | Clark, Lelchook & Taylor, 2010; USA | 323 | Convenience sample of working students | 24.0 | 27.0 | Perfectionism, | WART | APS-R, |
| Positive affectivity | PANAS, | |||||||
| Negative affectivity, | NPI, | |||||||
| Narcissism, Agreeableness, | NEO-IPIP | |||||||
| Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness, Conscientiousness | ||||||||
| 9 | Clark, Smith, & Haynes, 2020; USA | 661 + 150 | Convenience samples of adult employees | 35.1 + 38.5 | 54.0 + 33.0 | Negative affectivity, | WART, DUWAS | PANAS, APS-R |
| Perfectionism | ||||||||
| 10 | Di Nicola et al., 2010; Italy | 158 | Outpatients with bipolar disorder | 48.7 | 41.0 | Impulsiveness, Persistence, Novelty seeking, Harm avoidance, Reward dependence, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, Self-transcendence | WART | BIS, TCI |
| 11 | Falco et al., 2017; Italy | 770 | Convenience sample of adult employees | no data | 42.7 | Perfectionism | DUWAS | HMPS |
| 12 | Girardi et al., 2015; Italy | 413 | Convenience sample of adult employees | no data | 89.1 | Perfectionism | DUWAS | HMPS |
| 13 | Gorgievski et al., 2014; Spain | 180 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 42.0 | 59.1 | Positive affectivity, | DUWAS | PANAS |
| Negative affectivity | ||||||||
| 14 | Guglielmi et al., 2012; Italy | 224 | Convenience sample of adult employees | no data | 33.0 | Self-efficacy | DUWAS | NGSES |
| 15 | Kezdy et al., 2013; Hungary | 215 | No information | 37.9 | 38.0 | Self-esteem | WART | RSES |
| 16 | Laconi et al., 2015; France | 378 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 24.4 | 21.0 | self-esteem | BWAS | RSES |
| 17 | Mazzetti, Biolcati et al., 2016; Italy | 269 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 47.4 | 55.8 | Positive affectivity, | DUWAS | PANAS |
| Negative affectivity | ||||||||
| 18 | Mazzetti, Chiesa, et al., 2016; Italy | 295 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 35.1 | 24.6 | Neuroticism | DUWAS | BFQ short |
| 19 | Mazzetti, Schaufeli & Gugliemi, 2014; Italy | 333 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 45.4 | 51.4 | Perfectionism, Conscientiousness, Self-efficacy, | DUWAS | BFI |
| MPS self-efficacy scale by Mazzetti et al. (2014) | ||||||||
| 20 | Pšeničny & Perat, 2016; Slovenia | 3,393 | Random sample of adult employees | 36.0 | 27.5 | Self-esteem | WART | PBSES |
| 21 | Quinones et al., 2016; United Kingdom | 516 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 45.1 | 50.2 | Agreeableness, | DUWAS | Mini-IPIP |
| Extraversion, | ||||||||
| Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, | ||||||||
| Openness | ||||||||
| 22 | Robinson, 1999, USA | 371 | Convenience sample of undergraduate students | 22.0 | 29.0 | Type A behavior, | WART | JAS, TASRI, |
| Trait anxiety | STAI | |||||||
| 23 | Spurk et al.2016; Germany | 685 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 32.4 | 41.8 | Agreeableness, | DUWAS | TIPI |
| Extraversion, | ||||||||
| Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, | ||||||||
| Openness, | ||||||||
| 24 | Stoeber et al., 2013; United Kingdom | 133 | Convenience sample of adult and student employees | no data | 16.5 | Perfectionism | DUWAS | MPS |
| 25 | Taris et al., 2010; The Netherlands | 199 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 39.6 | 58.8 | Perfectionism | WART | FMPS |
| 26 | van Wijhe, Peeters, Schaufeli, & van den Hout, 2011; The Netherlands | 173 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 38.4 | 48.0 | Positive affectivity, | DUWAS | PANAS |
| Negative affectivity | ||||||||
| 27 | van Wijhe, Peeters, & Schaufeli, 2014; The Netherlands | 191 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 39.1 | 34.6 | Self-esteem | DUWAS | PBSES |
| 28 | Wojdylo et al., 2013; Poland | 1,459 | Convenience sample of adult employees | 38.8 | 40.9 | Self-esteem | WART | RSES |
Note: WART = Work Addiction Risk Test; BWAS = Bergen Work Addiction Scale; DUWAS = Dutch Work Addiction Scale; WAQ = Workaholism Analysis Questionnaire NEO-IPIP = International Personality Item Pool Representation of the NEO PI-R; TIPI = Ten Item Personality Inventory; Mini-IPIP = Short form of the International Personality Item Pool Representation; BFQ short = Big Five Questionnaire short form; BFI = Big Five Inventory; PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; RSES = Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, APS-R = Almost Perfect Scale Revised; NGSES = New General Self-Efficacy Scale; MPS = Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale; FMPS = Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale; HMPS = Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale; PBSES = Performance-Based Self-Esteem Scale; WABI = Work Attitudes and Behaviors Inventory; BIS = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; TCI = Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) – Revised Version; JAS = Jenkins Activity Survey; TASRI = Type A Self-Report Inventory; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; NPI = Narcissistic Personality Inventory.