Table 3.
Mediated effects of internet gaming disorder in the association between self-stigma and psychological distress among people with schizophrenia (N = 104)
| Coefficient (SE)/P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mediator | Dependent variable | ||||
| Internet gaming disorder | Depression | Anxiety | Stress | DASS-21 total score | |
| Age | −0.242 (0.082)/0.004 | 0.021 (0.060)/0.731 | 0.057 (0.057)/0.327 | 0.031 (0.055)/0.579 | 0.108 (0.157)/0.495 |
| Gender (Ref: female) | 1.041 (1.481)/0.484 | −1.093 (1.032)/0.293 | −1.237 (0.987)/0.214 | −0.101 (0.944)/0.915 | −2.432 (2.705)/0.372 |
| Social function | −0.198 (0.129)/0.130 | −0.215 (0.091)/0.021 | −0.174 (0.087)/0.049 | −0.132 (0.084)/0.119 | −0.521 (0.239)/0.033 |
| Physical disease (Ref: no) | 1.766 (1.542)/0.255 | −0.556 (1.080)/0.608 | −0.745 (1.033)/0.473 | −1.232 (0.988)/0.216 | −2.533 (2.830)/0.374 |
| Living status (Ref: alone) | 2.677 (2.462)/0.280 | −1.356 (1.722)/0.434 | −0.186 (1.648)/0.911 | −1.630 (1.576)/0.304 | −3.172 (4.515)/0.484 |
| Employment (Ref: no) | −0.824 (1.394)/0.556 | −0.925 (0.970)/0.344 | −0.627 (0.928)/0.502 | −0.523 (0.888)/0.557 | −2.075 (2.544)/0.417 |
| Self-stigma | 0.263 (0.108)/0.017 | 0.226 (0.078)/0.005 | 0.205 (0.075)/0.008 | 0.262 (0.071)/<0.001 | 0.693 (0.204)/0.001 |
| Internet gaming disorder | – | 0.113 (0.079)/0.156 | 0.220 (0.075)/0.005 | 0.244 (0.072)/0.001 | 0.576 (0.206)/0.007 |
| Mediated effectsa | – | 0.030 (0.029)/−0.005, 0.111 | 0.058 (0.037)/0.006, 0.156 | 0.064 (0.038)/0.002, 0.150 | 0.152 (0.098)/0.006, 0.383 |
| Model fit | |||||
| R 2 | 0.262 | 0.247 | 0.293 | 0.367 | 0.265 |
| F (P-value) | 3.959 (0.001) | 3.153 (0.004) | 3.995 (0.001) | 5.588 (<0.001) | 4.011 (0.001) |
DASS-21 = Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale.
a
Mediated effects were tested using bootstrapping methods (5,000 random bootstrap samples) with the presentation as coefficient (SE)/lower limit confidence interval, upper limit confidence interval.