. 2022 Mar 17;13:764811. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.764811

Table 2.

Summary of mean differences between demographic and dependent variables.

Variables	Gender (n)		Age (n)			Education (n)				Income (n)
Variables	Male (419)	Female (501)	18–35 (530)	36–53 (309)	>54 (81)	1 (10)	2 (67)	3 (705)	4 (138)	1 (119)	2 (93)	3 (120)	4 (130)	5 (88)	6 (132)	7 (97)	8 (141)
Psychological outcome
Depression	23.75	24.49	25.87^**	22.17^**	20.44^**	26.60	25.16	24.27	22.90	25.50^*	26.13^*	25.40^*	23.80^*	24.73^*	22.53^*	22.49^*	23.28^*
Anxiety	22.27	22.78	23.94^**	21.18^**	18.69^**	27.40	23.82	22.56	21.52	24.17^**	24.37^**	23.98^**	22.46^**	23.59^**	21.14^**	21.11^**	20.50^**
Stress	24.49	25.14	26.13^**	23.56^**	21.31^**	26.40	25.58	24.95	23.80	25.71	25.74	26.32	24.62	26.05	23.36	23.59	23.96
Psychological wellbeing	44.97^*	43.46^*	43.31^*	45.01^*	46.37^*	38.90^**	38.79^**	44.37^**	46.02^**	42.25^**	40.26^**	41.18^**	43.34^**	42.88^**	46.61^**	47.84^**	47.55^**
Resilience	19.41^**	18.60^**	18.50^**	19.47^**	20.14^**	18.40^**	18.52^**	18.91^**	19.50^**	18.14^**	18.32^**	18.19^**	18.50^**	18.53^**	19.43^**	19.56^**	20.61^**
Coping self-efficacy	86.10	86.78	85.24^*	88.13^*	88.20^*	66.61	79.99	86.85	89.11	85.41^**	78.35^**	84.31^**	84.87^**	84.65^**	88.60^**	89.59^**	93.02^**
Emotion
Positive	30.95^*	29.76^*	30.02	30.61	30.93	24.00^**	27.70^**	30.33^**	31.86^**	29.79^**	28.30^**	28.32^**	29.78^**	29.65^**	31.70^**	31.91^**	32.21^**
Negative	25.03	25.51	26.25^**	24.40^**	22.44^**	23.80	25.97	25.41	24.45	25.99^**	25.58^**	27.36^**	26.18^**	25.10^**	24.80^**	24.39^**	23.13^**

p < 0.05;

^**

p < 0.01.

Educational level: (1). No formal education (2). High school or secondary school (3). Undergraduate or college (4). Master’s degree or above; monthly income: (1). <RM 1,000.00; (2). RM 1,001.00–RM 2,000.00; (3). RM 2,001.00–RM 3,000.00; (4). RM 3,001.00–RM 4,000.00; (5). RM 4,001.00–RM 5,000.00; (6). RM 5,001.00–RM 7,500.00; (7). RM 7,501.00–RM 10,000.00; (8). >RM 10,001.00. Score categories: Psychological outcomes: depression, stress, anxiety (range: 14–56; Low = <23, Moderate = 24–37, High = > 38). Psychological wellbeing (range: 14–70; Low = <34, Moderate = 35–54, High = > 55). Resilience (Range: 6–30; Low = <14, Moderate = 15–23, High = > 24). Coping self-efficacy (Range: 26–130; Low = <60, Moderate = 61–95, High = > 96). Emotions (range: 10–50; Low = <23, Moderate = 24–37, High = > 38).