Table 1.
Sociodemographic and Medical Characteristics of pregnant persons less than 10 weeks’ gestation by anxiety symptoms (N = 4,303)
| Total N (%) | No or Mild Anxiety | Moderate or Severe Anxiety | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | |||
| Participant Race/Ethnicity | 4,274 | 3,737 | 537 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 3,514 (82.2) | 3,090 (82.7) | 424 (79.0) |
| Black/African American | 136 (3.2) | 113 (3.0) | 23 (4.3) |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 404 (9.5) | 345 (9.2) | 59 (11.0) |
| Asian | 204 (4.8) | 177 (4.7) | 27 (5.0) |
| Native American | 12 (0.3) | 8 (0.2) | 4 (0.7) |
| Pacific Islander | 4 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Participant Age | 3,789 | 3,319 | 470 |
| 18–30 | 1,127 (29.7) | 950 (28.6) | 177 (37.7) |
| 31–35 | 1,660 (43.8) | 1469 (44.3) | 191 (40.6) |
| 36–40 | 826 (21.8) | 745 (22.4) | 81 (17.2) |
| 41 + | 176 (4.7) | 155 (4.7) | 21 (4.5) |
| Household Income | 4,203 | 3,676 | 527 |
| < $99,999 | 1,513 (36.0) | 1,230 (33.5) | 283 (53.7) |
| $100,000–250,999 | 2,098 (49.9) | 1,912 (52.0) | 186 (35.3) |
| $251,000 + | 592 (14.1) | 534 (14.5) | 58 (11.0) |
| Highest level education completed | 4,290 | 3,750 | 540 |
| < College | 771 (18.0) | 605 (16.1) | 166 (30.7) |
| College | 1,413 (32.9) | 1,244 (33.2) | 169 (31.3) |
| Master’s | 1,396 (32.5) | 1,243 (33.2) | 153 (28.3) |
| Professional degree | 710 (16.6) | 658 (17.6) | 52 (9.6) |
| Pre-pregnancy insurance | 4,265 | 3,726 | 539 |
| Other (including Medi-Cal, Tricare, other) | 539 (12.6) | 445 (11.9) | 114 (21.1) |
| Private Insurance | 3,726 (87.4) | 3,281 (88.1) | 425 (78.9) |
| Partnership status | 4,280 | 3,741 | 539 |
| Unpartnered | 211 (4.9) | 157 (4.2) | 54 (10.0) |
| Married or Partnered | 4,069 (95.1) | 3,584 (95.8) | 485 (90.0) |
| Region of residence | 4,241 | 3,704 | 537 |
| Northeast | 829 (19.6) | 724 (19.6) | 105 (19.6) |
| Midwest | 1,053 (24.8) | 934 (25.2) | 119 (22.2) |
| South | 1,099 (25.9) | 943 (25.5) | 156 (29.1) |
| West | 1,260 (29.7) | 1,103 (29.8) | 157 (29.2) |
| Employment status | 4,289 | 3,749 | 540 |
| Full-time | 3,168 (73.9) | 2,799 (74.7) | 369 (68.3) |
| Other (part-time, homemaker, unemployed) | 1,121 (26.1) | 950 (25.3) | 171 (31.7) |
| Employed in health care | 3,644 | 3,211 | 433 |
| Yes | 1,454 (39.9) | 1,310 (40.8) | 144 (33.3) |
| No | 2,190 (60.1) | 1,901 (59.2) | 289 (66.7) |
| Obstetric and Medical history | |||
| Prior pregnancy | 4,293 | 3,750 | 543 |
| Yes | 2,713 (63.2) | 2,356 (62.8) | 357 (65.7) |
| No | 1,580 (36.8) | 1,394 (37.2) | 186 (34.3) |
| Prior live birth | 2,713 | 2,356 | 357 |
| Yes | 2,055 (75.8) | 1,795 (76.2) | 260 (72.8) |
| No | 658 (24.2) | 561 (23.8) | 97 (27.2) |
| History of prior miscarriage | 2,723 | 2,365 | 358 |
| Yes | 1,198 (44.0) | 1,019 (43.1) | 179 (50.0) |
| No | 1,525 (56.0) | 1,346 (56.9) | 179 (50.0) |
| Receipt of care through fertility clinic this pregnancy | 4,295 | 3,752 | 543 |
| Yes | 1,106 (25.7) | 998 (26.6) | 108 (19.9) |
| No | 3,189 (74.3) | 2,754 (73.4) | 435 (80.1) |
| History of anxiety disorder prior to pregnancy | 4,303 | 3,759 | 544 |
| Yes | 1,059 (24.6) | 784 (20.9) | 275 (50.5) |
| No | 3,244 (75.4) | 2,975 (79.1) | 269 (49.5) |
| History of depression prior to pregnancy | 4,303 | 3,759 | 544 |
| Yes | 898 (20.9) | 669 (17.8) | 229 (42.1) |
| No | 3,405 (79.1) | 3,090 (82.2) | 315 (57.9) |
| COVID-specific characteristics | |||
| History of obtaining a SARS-CoV-2 test this pregnancy | 4,298 | 3,755 | 543 |
| Yes | 2,558 (59.5) | 2,226 (59.3) | 332 (61.1) |
| No | 1,740 (40.5) | 1,529 (40.7) | 211 (38.9) |
| History of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test this pregnancy | 2,534 | 2,204 | 330 |
| Yes | 363 (14.3) | 313 (14.2) | 50 (15.1) |
| No | 2,171 (85.7) | 1,891 (85.8) | 280 (84.9) |
| Household contact diagnosed with COVID-19 since pregnant | 4,303 | 3,759 | 544 |
| Yes | 348 (8.1) | 306 (8.1) | 42 (7.7) |
| No | 3,955 (91.9) | 3,453 (91.9) | 502 (92.3) |
| Household contact deceased from COVID-19 since pregnant | 4,303 | 3,759 | 544 |
| Yes | 20 (0.5) | 11 (0.3) | 9 (1.7) |
| No | 4,283 (99.5) | 3,748 (99.7) | 535 (98.3) |
| Job loss since onset of COVID-19 pandemic | 4,303 | 3,759 | 544 |
| Yes | 358 (8.3) | 264 (7.0) | 94 (17.3) |
| No | 3,945 (91.7) | 3,495 (93.0) | 450 (82.7) |
| Reduced hours at work since onset of COVID-19 pandemic | 4,303 | 3,759 | 544 |
| Yes | 552 (12.8) | 450 (12.0) | 102 (18.7) |
| No | 3,751 (87.2) | 3,309 (88.0) | 442 (81.3) |
| Inability to pay rent or mortgage since onset of COVID-19 pandemic | 4,303 | 3,759 | 544 |
| Yes | 172 (4.0) | 101 (2.7) | 71 (13.1) |
| No | 4,131 (96.0) | 3,658 (97.3) | 473 (86.9) |
| Very or Extremely Worried about COVID-19 | 4,294 | 3,752 | 542 |
| Yes | 1,602 (37.3) | 1,262 (33.6) | 340 (62.7) |
| No | 2,692 (62.7) | 2,490 (66.4) | 202 (37.3) |
| Perceived stress over the past month | 4,277 | 3,738 | 539 |
| Low | 2,262 (52.9) | 2,200 (58.9) | 62 (11.5) |
| Moderate-High | 2,015 (47.1) | 1,538 (41.1) | 477 (88.5) |