Fig. 1.

Standardized factor loadings on two GADIS-P factors and correlations with criteria. Standardized factor loadings on GADIS-P factor 1 (negative consequences) and GADIS-P factor 2 (cognitive-behavioral gaming symptoms) are depicted on the left side together with the proportion of explained variance. Correlation coefficients with criteria are presented on the right side. All standardized factor loadings and correlations were significant with p values <0.001. The absence from school/apprenticeship/job refers to the prior three months, grades sum (sum of grades in mathematics, German, first foreign language on a scale from 1 to 6 with higher scores indicating worse performance), and grades improvement to the previous term. Abbreviations: GADIS-P = Gaming Disorder Scale for Parents; GADIS-A = Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents; PIGDS = Parental Internet Gaming Disorder Scale; DERS = Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale