Table 6.

ROC analyses for each gambling activity using SGHS-Harm^a

		EGMs	Horse/dog racing	Instant scratch tickets	Lottery	Keno	Casino table games	Bingo	Sports/other event betting
Proportion of gamblers on the specific gambling activity exceeding the definition of harm		9.84% (95% CI 7.52, 12.79)	8.85% (95% CI 6.13, 12.61)	6.54% (95% CI 4.64, 9.14)	5.06% (95% CI 3.94, 6.48)	6.91% (95% CI 5.24, 9.05)	13.59% (95% CI 8.65, 20.71)	8.33% (95% CI 2.89, 21.70)	16.97% (95% CI 10.35, 26.58)
Gambling frequency per year	Cut-off	11	24	6	13	11	2	6	36
	AUC (95% CIs)	0.69 (0.61, 0.77)	0.60 (0.49, 0.72)	0.57 (0.47, 0.67)	0.53 (0.46, 0.61)	0.71 (0.65, 0.78)	0.57 (0.45, 0.69)	0.73 (0.49, 0.96)	0.53 (0.34, 0.72)
	Sensitivity, specificity	0.53, 0.77	0.42, 0.75	0.50, 0.60	0.57, 0.48	0.61, 0.70	0.61, 0.48	0.75, 0.59	0.26, 0.85
	N	781	456	899	2068	1,098	164	84	126
	Absolute risk	–	–	–	–	13.0	–	16.7	–
	Relative risk	–	–	–	–	3.3	–	4.0	–
Gambling expenditure per year	Cut-off	240	800	65	208	130	40	120	600
	AUC (95% CIs)	0.74 (0.66, 0.81)	0.60 (0.48, 0.73)	0.57 (0.46, 0.67)	0.56 (0.49, 0.64)	0.73 (0.67, 0.80)	0.58 (0.46, 0.71)	0.85 (0.74, 0.95)	0.56 (0.38, 0.75)
	Sensitivity, specificity	0.64, 0.70	0.38, 0.80	0.38, 0.72	0.56, 0.53	0.64, 0.70	0.76, 0.39	0.95, 0.68	0.31, 0.84
	N	759	440	894	2026	1,088	155	82	124
	Absolute risk	18.4	–	–	–	12.2	–	23.2	–
	Relative risk	3.4	–	–	–	2.7	–	– b	–
Gambling expenditure a proportion of gross personal income	Cut-off	7.3	9.6	0.0	6.7	4.0	0.0	0.0	5.7
	AUC (95% CIs)	0.65 (0.59, 0.71)	0.64 (0.53, 0.75)	0.48 (0.39, 0.57)	0.57 (0.51, 0.63)	0.60 (0.55, 0.64)	0.44 (0.38, 0.5)	0.40 (0.31, 0.49)	0.65 (0.52, 0.79)
	Sensitivity, specificity	0.44, 0.89	0.41, 0.89	0.70, 0.33	0.38, 0.94	0.38, 0.91	0.79, 0.37	0.93, 0.32	0.52, 0.98
	N	652	383	757	1715	953	141	63	114
	Absolute risk	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Relative risk	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Gambling duration per year	Cut-off	330	360	25	35	135	80	360	1,140
	AUC (95% CIs)	0.70 (0.61, 0.78)	0.63 (0.51, 0.74)	0.55 (0.45, 0.65)	0.56 (0.49, 0.63)	0.70 (0.64, 0.77)	0.56 (0.43, 0.68)	0.79 (0.61, 0.96)	0.48 (0.29, 0.67)
	Sensitivity, specificity	0.57, 0.72	0.51, 0.67	0.37, 0.71	0.61, 0.48	0.68, 0.62	0.72, 0.37	0.85, 0.61	0.15, 0.89
	N	770	441	872	1971	1,037	153	79	115
	Absolute risk	16.9	–	–	–	11.0	–	19.3	–
	Relative risk	2.8	–	–	–	2.5	–	10.0	–
Session expenditure	Cut-off	30	34	5	13	16	25	20	20
	AUC (95% CIs)	0.71 (0.64, 0.77)	0.61 (0.50, 0.73)	0.53 (0.44, 0.63)	0.60 (0.54, 0.66)	0.68 (0.60, 0.76)	0.56 (0.43, 0.70)	0.79 (0.65, 0.93)	0.64 (0.48, 0.80)
	Sensitivity, specificity	0.68, 0.62	0.48, 0.69	0.73, 0.33	0.74, 0.43	0.55, 0.71	0.77, 0.34	0.94, 0.57	0.58, 0.62
	N	767	443	899	2033	1,088	149	79	117
	Absolute risk	17.2	–	–	–	–	–	13.4	–
	Relative risk	4.1	–	–	–	–	–	– b	–
Session duration	Cut-off	45	30	5	4	20	150	90	180
	AUC (95% CIs)	0.61 (0.52, 0.69)	0.54 (0.42, 0.67)	0.53 (0.42, 0.64)	0.55 (0.48, 0.62)	0.62 (0.54, 0.69)	0.52 (0.35, 0.68)	0.73 (0.62, 0.83)	0.40 (0.22, 0.58)
	Sensitivity, specificity	0.47, 0.69	0.41, 0.66	0.28, 0.79	0.44, 0.63	0.56, 0.61	0.23, 0.81	0.86, 0.62	0.02, 0.98
	N	779	449	883	1988	1,047	154	79	115
	Absolute risk	–	–	–	–	–	–	13.7	–
	Relative risk	–	–	–	–	–	–	5.3	–

^aBold typeface indicates AUC ≥0.70.

^bNo relative risk estimate available as none of the gamblers not exceeding the limit endorsed gambling-related harm on the SGHS.