Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Tertiles of Neighborhood Walkability (N=13,832).
| Neighborhood Walkability Tertiles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Baseline Characteristics | NYUWHS Total (n=13,832) | Q1 [−6.19, −1.52] (n=4,610) | Q2 [−1.52, 0.63] (n=4,608) | Q3 [0.63, 11.31] (n=4,614) |
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| Age at Enrollment (in years), N (%) | ||||
| ≤40 | 1,842 (13) | 505 (11) | 561 (12) | 776 (17) |
| 40–50 | 4,673 (34) | 1,415 (31) | 1,403 (31) | 1,855 (40) |
| 50–60 | 4,638 (34) | 1,736 (38) | 1,595 (35) | 1,307 (28) |
| >60 | 2,679 (19) | 954 (21) | 1,049 (23) | 676 (15) |
| Mean (SD) | 50.9 (8.7) | 51.8 (8.5) | 51.7 (8.8) | 49.1 (8.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2), N (%) a | ||||
| <18.5 | 251 (1.8) | 50 (1.1) | 60 (1.3) | 141 (3.1) |
| 18.5–25 | 8,024 (58) | 2,603 (57) | 2,392 (52) | 3,029 (66) |
| 25–30 | 3,786 (27) | 1,376 (30) | 1,420 (31) | 990 (22) |
| >30 | 1,771 (13) | 581 (13) | 736 (16) | 454 (9.8) |
| Mean (SD) | 24.9 (4.6) | 25.2 (4.4) | 25.6 (4.7) | 24.0 (4.5) |
| MET-hours per Week, mean (SD) a | ||||
| Outdoor Walking | 6.8 (8.0) | 5.7 (6.7) | 6.4 (8.8) | 8.2 (8.3) |
| Occupational Physical Activity | 59.5 (44) | 54.8 (41) | 57.2 (44) | 66.7 (45) |
| Education, N (%) a | ||||
| High School or Less | 3,557 (32) | 1,369 (36) | 1,497 (41) | 691 (18) |
| College/Vocational/Technical School/Other | 4,571 (41) | 1,547 (40) | 1,427 (39) | 1,597 (42) |
| Graduate School | 3,146 (28) | 922 (24) | 737 (20) | 1,487 (39) |
| Race/Ethnicity, N (%) a | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 9,545 (79) | 3,483 (85) | 2,846 (72) | 3,216 (79) |
| Non-Hispanic African-American | 1,436 (12) | 343 (8.3) | 685 (17) | 408 (10) |
| Hispanic | 755 (6.2) | 183 (4.4) | 279 (7.0) | 293 (7.2) |
| Other | 413 (3.4) | 109 (2.7) | 172 (4.3) | 132 (3.3) |
| Menopausal Status, N (%) | ||||
| Premenopausal | 7,017 (51) | 2,128 (46) | 2,145 (47) | 2,744 (60) |
| Postmenopausal | 6,815 (49) | 2,482 (54) | 2,463 (54) | 1,870 (41) |
| Smoking Status, N (%) a | ||||
| Never Smoker | 5,898 (47) | 2,036 (48) | 2,152 (53) | 1,710 (41) |
| Ever Smoker | 6,625 (53) | 2,214 (52) | 1,933 (47) | 2,478 (59) |
| Parity at Enrollment, N (%) | ||||
| No | 4,363 (32) | 874 (19) | 1,167 (25) | 2,322 (50) |
| Yes | 9,469 (69) | 3,736 (81) | 3,441 (75) | 2,292 (50) |
| NYC Resident, N (%) | ||||
| No | 2,046 (15) | 1,862 (40) | 182 (4.0) | 2 (0.0) |
| Yes | 11,786 (85) | 2,748 (60) | 4,426 (96) | 4,612 (100) |
| Neighborhood Poverty Rate (% Below 1.00 FPL), mean (SD) b,c | 12.4 (8.9) | 7.0 (6.0) | 14.7 (8.3) | 15.3 (9.4) |
| Neighborhood Black Population Percent, mean (SD) c | 17.2 (24) | 13.4 (21) | 23.8 (30) | 14.5 (19) |
| Neighborhood White Population Percent, mean (SD) c | 69.1 (26) | 77.6 (22) | 60.4 (29) | 69.3 (24) |
| Neighborhood Household Median Income, mean (SD) c,d | 38.7 (14) | 47.2 (15) | 32.1 (7.9) | 36.9 (12) |
| Population Count, mean (SD) c | 46.6 (33) | 15.8 (11) | 42.6 (17) | 81.4 (25) |
| Population Density, mean (SD) c | 16.2 (12) | 5.4 (3.6) | 14.0 (5.4) | 29.3 (9.4) |
| Alcohol Intake, N (%) a,e | ||||
| Below RDA (≤14 g/day) | 10,353 (89) | 3,714 (93) | 3,506 (93) | 3,133 (81) |
| Above RDA (>14 g/day) | 1,298 (11) | 302 (7.5) | 253 (6.7) | 743 (19) |
| DASH Score, N (%) f | ||||
| Below Median (≤24) | 7,391 (55) | 2,521 (56) | 2,510 (56) | 2,360 (52) |
| Above Median (>24) | 6,176 (46) | 2,018 (45) | 2,003 (44) | 2,155 (48) |
Daily alcohol intake was missing in 2,181; race/ethnicity was missing in 1,683; education level was missing in 2,558; smoking was missing in 1,309; MET-hours for walking was missing in 2,817; MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task)-hours for occupational physical activity was missing in 3,365; and MET-hours for total physical activity (strenuous, moderate, or mild) was missing in 3,143 women. Q1 (Quantile 1 or Tertile 1); Q2 (Quantile 2 or Tertile 2); Q3 (Quantile 3 or Tertile 3). BMI (Body Mass Index).
Percent of population residing in neighborhood in 1989 with a ratio of income to federal poverty level (FPL) below 1.
Census block groups aggregated to 1-km radial buffers. Population count and density are represented in thousands.
1989 median household income in thousands of US dollars.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) score was missing in 265 women