Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted general linear models of program interaction effects over time on secondary outcome measures at T1 (baseline) and T2 (5/7-week follow-up) by group.
| Secondary outcome measure | Interaction effect | Control Group (n =55) | Intervention Group (n = 176) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p value1 |
Effect size2 () |
CT1 mean (SE) |
CT2 mean (SE) |
Change (CT2-CT1) mean (SE) |
Post-hoc p-value |
IT1 mean (SE) |
IT2 mean (SE) |
Change (T2-T1) mean (SE) |
Post-hoc p-value |
|
| Healthy cooking3 In a typical week, how often do you prepare and cook a main meal from basic ingredients? | 0.012* | Small-medium effect (0.03) | 4.21 (0.17) | 4.29 (0.15) | 0.05 (0.12) | 0.704 | 4.18 (0.10) | 4.56 (0.09) | 0.38 (0.08) | <0.001** |
| Attitudes and beliefs regarding healthy eating4 a) I find it easy to change my eating habits |
0.010* | Small-medium effect (0.03) | 2.52 (0.12) | 2.53 (0.10) | 0.01 (0.10) | 0.883 | 2.52 (0.07) | 2.80 (0.06) | 0.28 (0.06) | <0.001** |
| b) My lifestyle prevents me eating a healthy diet | 0.047* | Small effect (0.02) | 3.10 (0.11) | 3.05 (0.10) | −0.04 (0.12) | 0.703 | 3.24 (0.07) | 3.44. (0.06) | 0.20 (0.07) | 0.005** |
| e) I can create a healthy meal from scratch in 30 min | 0.017* | Small-medium effect (0.03) | 2.81 (0.13) | 3.03 (0.11) | 0.22 (0.12) | 0.063 | 2.77 (0.08) | 3.29 (0.07) | 0.53 (0.07) | <0.001** |
| f) I enjoy cooking | <0.001** | Medium effect (0.06) | 3.22 (0.14) | 3.10 (0.12) | −0.12 (0.09) | 0.152 | 3.08 (0.09) | 3.30 (0.07) | 0.22 (0.05) | <0.001** |
| g) I enjoy cooking for others | <0.001** | Medium effect (0.05) | 3.13 (0.14) | 3.05 (0.12) | −0.08 (0.09) | 0.395 | 3.00 (0.08) | 3.27 (0.07) | 0.28 (0.06) | <0.001** |
| h) I get a lot of satisfaction from cooking my meals | 0.007** | Small-medium effect (0.03) | 3.05 (0.14) | 3.10 (0.11) | 0.052 (0.10) | 0.584 | 2.97 (0.08) | 3.30 (0.07) | 0.33 (0.06) | <0.001** |
| GSE5 | Not significant | 31.9 (0.85) | 32.3 (0.79) | 0.38 (0.55) | 0.492 | 32.4 (0.52) | 33.5 (0.48) | 1.11 (0.34) | 0.001* | |
| General health6 In general, how do you feel about your health? |
0.022* | Small effect (0.02) | 3.06 (0.12) | 3.10 (0.13) | 0.04 (0.12) | 0.726 | 3.10 (0.08) | 2.84 (0.08) | −0.26 (0.08) | <0.001** |
| SF-12 MCS score7 | 0.033* | small effect (0.02) | 49.7 (1.4) | 48.2 (1.4) | −1.53 (1.08) | 0.158 | 49.6 (0.88) | 50.6 (0.88) | 0.94 (0.67) | 0.158 |
| Subjective vitality scale total | 0.034* | small effect (0.02) | 26.3 (1.2) | 26.7 (1.1) | 0.43 (0.73) | 0.560 | 26.2 (0.71) | 28.3 (0.70) | 2.09 (0.45) | <0.001** |
| WEMWBS8 | Not significant | 50.49 (1.24) | 50.47 (1.30) | −0.02 (0.92) | 0.981 | 50.50 (0.76) | 52.08 (0.80) | 1.58 (0.56) | 0.005** | |
Values reported are adjusted for the effects of age, gender, BMI, income and education.
p < 0.05
p < 0.01.
Partial eta squared effect size ranges: small effect = 0.00–0.01; medium effect = 0.01–0.06; large effect = 0.06–0.14.
Categorical response items where 1 = “Never”; 2 = ‘Less than once'; 3 ='Once'; 4 ='2-3 times; 5 ='4-6 times'; 6 ='daily'.
Likert scale response where 1='strongly disagree'; 2 ='somewhat disagree'; 3 ='somewhat agree'; 4 ='strongly agree'.
Rosenburg's Global Self Esteem score, Likert scale response where 1='strongly disagree'; 2 ='somewhat disagree'; 3 ='somewhat agree'; 4 ='strongly agree'.
Categorical response items where 1 = ‘Excellent'; 2 = ‘Very good'; 3 ='Good'; 4 ='Fair'; 5 ='Poor'.
SF-12 Australian norm-based Mental Component Summary score.
Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale total score.