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. 2022 Mar 17;9:860086. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.860086

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Qin, Zhu, Zhang, Du, Huang, Michiels, Zeng and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dietary RPS and drinking SCFAs are associated with alleviative inflammatory reactions. (A) The ratio of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-10, and (B) the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the ileum. (C) The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in serum from different groups. (D) The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-10, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (Malt1). Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation. ^a,b Mean values with different letters are significantly different by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05).