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. 2022 Mar 17;9:822647. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.822647

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Copyright © 2022 Guo, Jiang, Xu, Peng, Zhao, Li, Jin, Xu, Xia, Che, Lai, Huang, Wang, Zheng and Mao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Metabolic pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites between DM and DR patients. Y-axis shows -lg(p) calculated by hypergeometric test using over-representation analysis. X-axis and the size show out-degree centrality using pathway topology. The color represents different categories of metabolic pathways. (B) Statistic table for enriched metabolic pathways. (C) KEGG global metabolic network highlighting DR altered pathways (p-value < 0.05). The thickness of the line represents the number of enriched metabolites in the pathway. Abbreviations: DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without diabetic retinopathy; DR, T2DM with diabetic retinopathy; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.