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. 2022 Mar 17;9:822647. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.822647

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Copyright © 2022 Guo, Jiang, Xu, Peng, Zhao, Li, Jin, Xu, Xia, Che, Lai, Huang, Wang, Zheng and Mao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolic network visualizing by MetaMapp. Orange nodes indicate increased metabolites in DR patients compared to DM patients, while the green nodes indicate a decrease. Node size indicates the magnitude of fold change. Purple edges denote KEGG reactant pair links, and grey edges symbolize Tanimoto chemical similarity over 700. Module a mainly includes PUFAs and their derivatives, module b mainly includes amino acids, module c includes indole and its derivatives. Abbreviations: DR, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diabetic retinopathy; DM, T2DM without diabetic retinopathy; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.