Fig. 2.

Learning rate modulation deficits increase with motivational deficit severity. a PSZ, relative to HV, demonstrated a decrease in learning rate modulation, especially in trials leading up to a contingency shift. Solid bars represent SEM. *p < 0.05. b Decreased learning rate modulation on trials leading up to a contingency shift was especially apparent for PSZ with the most severe motivational deficits. These PSZ showed little to no learning rate modulation across all trials. c Relative to HV, PSZ with greater motivational deficits additionally demonstrated smaller increases in learning rate following a contingency shift, defined as the difference between trial 8 pre-shift and trial 2-8 (“11-17”) post-shift