Whole brain and ROI fMRI analyses. Robust RPE and LR signals were observed in: (a) VS, (b) superior parietal lobule, and multiple other brain regions (Table 3). In subsequent ROI analyses, (c) no group differences in VS RPE signals were observed, while (d) a trend for a group difference was observed for dmPFC learning rate signals. a = trend-significant (p = 0.06), bars represent 95% confidence intervals. PE = prediction error, LR = learning rate