Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that developed severe COVID-19 stratified by patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
| Patients admitted to the ICU | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All | No | Yes | p-value |
| n = 3008 | n = 1074 | n = 1934 | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 56.0 (43–75) | 47.9 (17.5) | 58.7 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 1191 (39.6%) | 547 (50.9%) | 644 (33.3%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular Disease | 277 (9.2) | 62 (5.8) | 215 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Chronic Arterial Hypertension | 1041 (34.6) | 216 (20.1) | 825 (42.7) | <0.001 |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 232 (7.7) | 58 (5.4) | 174 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 47 (1.6) | 26 (2.4) | 21 (1.1) | 0.005 |
| Non-Complicated Diabetes Mellitus | 445 (14.8) | 57 (5.3) | 388 (20.1) | <0.001 |
| Complicated Diabetes Mellitus | 182 (6.2) | 21 (2.0) | 164 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 748 (24.9) | 106 (9.9) | 642 (33.2) | <0.001 |
| Chronic Neurological Disorder | 73 (2.4) | 25 (2.3) | 48 (2.5) | 0.792 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 191 (6.3) | 28 (2.6) | 163 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Malignant neoplasm | 80 (2.7) | 22 (2.0) | 58 (3.0) | 0.121 |
| AIDS/HIV | 15 (0.5) | 8 (0.7) | 7 (0.4) | 0.153 |
| Past medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Pregnancy | 17 (1.2) | 13 (2.5) | 4 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 235 (7.8) | 52 (4.8) | 183 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Healthcare worker | 133 (4.4) | 102 (9.5) | 31 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Symptoms on admission, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 1861 (61.9) | 546 (50.8) | 1315 (68.0) | <0.001 |
| Cough—productive | 618 (20.5) | 115 (10.7) | 503 (26.0) | <0.001 |
| Rhinorrhea | 260 (8.6) | 131 (12.2) | 129 (6,7) | <0.001 |
| Wheezing | 80 (2.7) | 9 (0.8) | 71 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Chest Pain | 381 (12.7) | 142 (13.2) | 239 (12.4) | 0.495 |
| Myalgia | 938 (31.2) | 290 (27.0) | 648 (33.5) | <0.001 |
| Joint pain-arthralgia | 662 (22.0) | 153 (14.2) | 509 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Shortness of breath | 1776 (59.0) | 342 (31.8) | 1434 (74.1) | <0.001 |
| Chest wall drawing | 100 (3.3) | 8 (0.7) | 92 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Headache | 876 (29.1) | 395 (36.8) | 481 (24.9) | <0.001 |
| Physiological parameters on admission, mean (SD) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 123.8 (29.9) | 123.4 (16.7) | 124 (23.1) | 0.441 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 72.0 (13.7) | 74.77 (1.7) | 70.38 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| Glasgow | 11.9 (5.0) | 14 (0.8) | 9 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Laboratories on hospital admission, mean (SD) | ||||
| Arterial gases | n = 2214 | n = 474 | n = 1738 | |
| Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), % | 48.3 (29.7) | 22 (6.4) | 63 (26.9.) | <0.001 |
| Bicarbonate (HCO3), mmol/L | 21.4 (4.2) | 20.99 (3.53) | 21.53 (4.49) | 0.016 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.44 (1.1) | 1.84 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Complete Blood Count | n = 2258 | n = 507 | n = 1751 | |
| Leucocytes, x103 cells | 10.5 (5.3) | 8.0 (3.5) | 11.2 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes, % | 12.4 (11.4) | 18.5 (12.8) | 10.5 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophiles, % | 69.4 (24.9) | 71.6 (16.4) | 68.6 (27.1) | 0.018 |
| Hematocrit, % | 41.2 (6.8) | 42.8 (6.0) | 40.7 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.7 (2.4) | 14.5 (2.1) | 13.5 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Platelets, x103 cells | 251.4 (106.2) | 233.0 (95.5) | 256.7 (108.5) | <0.001 |
| Liver function tests | n = 1658 | n = 310 | n = 1348 | |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.84 (1) | 0.115 |
| Alanine Transaminase (ALT), U/L | 52.3 (37.0) | 45 (32.2) | 54.1 (37.8) | <0.001 |
| Aspartate Transaminase (AST), U/L | 56.5 (37.1) | 48.1 (31.1) | 58.5 (38.1) | <0.001 |
| Renal function tests | n = 2192 | n = 455 | n = 1737 | |
| Ureic nitrogen, mg/dL | 26.8 (20.3) | 18.9 (12.6) | 28.9 (21.5) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.35 (1.8) | 1 (1.41) | 1.4 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic tests | n = 1924 | n = 312 | n = 1612 | |
| Sodium (Na), mEq/L | 136.9 (5.0) | 136.7 (4.6) | 137 (5.1) | 0.427 |
| Potassium (K), mEq/L | 4.3 (0.7) | 4.26 (0.65) | 4.3 (0.7) | 0.362 |
| Coagulation times | n = 1347 | n = 85 | n = 1262 | |
| Prothrombin Time (PT), s | 14.9 (8.5) | 14.1 (6.5) | 15.0 (8.6) | 0.348 |
| Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), s | 33.1 (10.9) | 32.1 (9.6) | 33.2 (11.0) | 0.376 |
| International Normalized Ratio (INR) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.51) | 1.1 (0.3) | 0.463 |
| Acute—Phase Reactants | n = 1672 | n = 1293 | n = 379 | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 68.3 (71.8) | 68.3 (62.2) | 68.3 (74.4) | 0.991 |
| Disease severity | ||||
| 4C Score, mean (SD) | 9.2 (3.7) | 7 (3) | 10 (3) | <0.001 |
IQR, interquartile range; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; IQR, Interquartile Range; SD, Standard Deviation.