Table 2.
Study Characteristicsa
| Study | Country | Participants | Main Exclusion Criteria | Intervention | Outcome Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cormie et al40 (2015) | Australia | • Local. and metastatic PCa treated with ADT • N° tot = 63 IG = 32; CG = 31 • Mean age, y = 68.3b (range: 46–80) Time on ADT, mean (SD): IG = 6.2 (1.6) d; CG = 5.6 (2.0) d |
• Bone metastasis • Previous treatment with ADT |
IG = supervised exercise program involving aerobic and resistance exercise sessions CG = standard care |
• BMD = areal bone mineral density of whole body, lumbar spine (L2–L4), femoral neck • Follow-up = 3 mo |
| Dalla Via et al48 (2021) | Australia | • Local and metastatic PCa treated with ADT • N° tot = 70 IG = 34; CG = 36 • Mean age, y = 71.0 (range: 50–85) • Time on ADT, mean (IQR): IG = 8.0 mo (4.0–22.0); CG = 13.0 mo (8.0–24.0) |
None | IG = supervised and unsupervised resistance exercise plus weight-bearing impact exercise combined with multinutrient supplementation CG = standard care |
• BMD = areal bone mineral density of total hip, lumbar spine (L1–L4), femoral neck • Feasibility = retention and adherence • Safety = adverse events related to exercise • Follow-up = 6 mo, 12 mo |
| Kim et al65 (2018) | South Korea | • Local and metastatic PCa treated with ADT • N° tot = 51: IG = 26; CG = 25 • Mean age, y = 70.8 (range: 20–80) • Time on ADT, mean (SD): IG = 22.5 (26.5) mo; CG = 21.6 (19.1) mo |
• Bone metastasis • Osteoporosis |
IG = unsupervised weight-bearing and resistance exercise with optional program (stabilization/balance exercise + circuit resistive calisthenics) CG = stretching exercise |
• BMD = total hip, lumbar spine (L1–L4), femoral neck • Feasibility = retention and adherence • Safety = adverse events related to exercise • Follow-up = 6 mo |
| Lam et al66 (2020) | Australia | • Local and metastatic PCa treated with ADT • N° = 25: IG = 13; CG = 12 Mean age, y = 70.5b • Time on ADT: IG = 0 d; CG = 0 d |
• Previous treatment with ADT (within the last 12 mo) |
IG = home-based progressive resistance training program CG = standard care |
• BMD = femoral neck and lumbar spine • Feasibility = retention and adherence • Safety = adverse events related to exercise • Follow-up = 6 wk, 6 mo, 12 mo |
| Newton et al41 (2019) | Australia | • Local and metastatic PCa treated with ADT • N° tot = 154 IG = 57 (ImpRe); = 50 (AerRe); CG = 47 • Mean age, y (SD; range) = 69.0 (9.0; 43–90) • Time on ADT, mean (IQR): IG (ImpRe) = 3.0 mo (2.0–4.0); IG (AerRe) = 3.0 mo (2.0–4.0); CG = 2.0 mo (2.0–3.5) |
• Bone metastasis | IG (ImpRe) = supervised and unsupervised impact-loading and resistance exercise IG (AerRe) = supervised aerobic and resistance exercise CG = standard care |
• BMD = whole body, total hip, lumbar spine (L2–L4), femoral neck, trochanter • Follow-up = 6 mo |
| Nilsen et al43 (2015) | Norway | • Local and metastatic PCa treated with ADT • N° tot = 58 IG = 28; CG = 30 • Mean age, y = 66.0 (range: 54–76) • Time on ADT, mean (SD): IG = 9.0 (1.6) mo; CG = 9.0 (1.8) mo |
• Osteoporosis | IG = supervised and unsupervised high-load strength program CG = standard care |
• BMD = areal bone mineral density of whole body, total hip, total lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter • Feasibility = adherence • Follow-up = 4 mo |
| Taaffe et al42 (2019) | Australia | • Local PCa treated with ADT • N° tot = 104 IG = 54; CG = 50 • Mean age, y = 68.2b (range: 48–84) • Time on ADT, mean (SD): IG = 6.4 (2.1) d; CG = 5.7 (1.9) d |
• Osteoporosis • Previous treatment with ADT |
IG = supervised resistance + aerobic + impact exercise sessions CG = standard care |
• BMD = whole body, total hip, lumbar spine • Follow-up = 6 mo |
| Uth et al44 (2016) | Denmark | • Local and metastatic PCa treated with ADT • N° tot = 57 IG = 29; CG = 28 • Mean age, y = 67.0 Time on ADT, mean (IQR): IG = 12.5 mo (9.5–27.8); CG = 18.7 mo (9.4–35.0) |
• Osteoporosis | IG = football training CG = standard care |
• BMD = areal bone mineral density of whole body, total hip, total lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter • Feasibility = adherence • Safety = adverse events • Follow-up = 3 mo |
| Uth et al45 (2016) | Denmark | (Same sample as in the study by Uth et al44) | (Same sample as in the study by Uth et al44) | (Same sample as in the study by Uth et al44) | • BMD = areal bone mineral density of whole body, total hip, total lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter • Feasibility = adherence • Safety = adverse events • Follow-up = 8 mo |
| Winters-Stone et al64 (2014) | USA | • Local and metastatic PCa treated with ADT • N° tot = 51 IG = 29; CG = 22 • Mean age, y = 70.2 • Time on ADT, mean (SD): IG = 39.0 (36.1) mo; CG = 28.5 (29.2) mo |
• Bone metastasis • Osteoporosis |
IG = supervised impact and resistance training CG = stretching exercise |
• BMD = total hip, lumbar spine (L1–L4), femoral neck, greater trochanter • Follow-up = 6 mo, 12 mo |
a ADT = androgen deprivation therapy; AerRe = aerobic + resistance training; BMD = bone mineral density; CG = control group; IG = intervention group; ImpRe = impact + resistance training; IQR = interquartile range; N tot = total number of participants; PCa = prostate cancer.
b Estimated mean age of participants.