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. 2021 Nov 30;13(2):595–620. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab120

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Exploratory meta-analysis of selected dietary outcomes. (A) Meta-analysis of changes in energy intake (kcal/d) in 2 RCTs and 2 NRCTs. RCTs showed no significant differences in energy intake, whereas NRCTs showed a significant decrease in energy intake in intervention groups compared with control groups. (B) Meta-analysis of fat intake (% of energy intake/d) from 2 RCTs showing no significant changes. int, intervention; IV, inverse variance; NRCT, nonrandomized controlled trial; RCT, randomized controlled trial.