TABLE 3.
Effect of intermittent fasting on circulating biochemical markers during chemotherapy in patients with cancer1
| Author | Subjects | Treatment | Glucose | Insulin | IGF-1 | IGFBP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short-term fasting | ||||||
| de Groot et al., 2015 (41) | n = 13 HER2-negative stage II/III breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant TAC | A. STF (24 h before and after)B. Control | A. ↑*B. ↑* | A. ØB. ↑* | A. ↓*B. Ø | A. ØB. Ø |
| Dorff et al., 2016 (29) | n = 20 men and women with cancer diagnosis prescribed platinum-based chemotherapy | A. 24 h STF (n = 6)B. 48 h STF (n = 7)C. 72 h STF (48 h before/24 h after) (n = 7) | A. Ø | A. ↓ 56%B. ↓27%C. ↓42%No significant between-group differences | A. ↓ 30%B. ↓33%C. ↓8%No significant between-group differences | A. ↑23%B. ↑10%C. ↑117% |
| Riedinger et al., 2020 (30) | n = 20 women with gynecologic cancers with ≥6 cycles of chemotherapy | A. STF (24 h before and after)B. ControlRandomized control trial | A. ↓** at time of chemotherapy | NA | NA | NA |
| Zorn et al., 2020 (36) | n = 30; women with gynecologic cancers, all stages, neo or adjuvant chemotherapy | A. mSTF OR KD + mSTFB. Control Crossover, 2–3 cycles of CTX of intervention and control | NA | A. ↓** | A. ↓** | NA |
| Fasting mimicking diet | ||||||
| de Groot 2020 (22) | n = 129 patients with HER-2 negative stage II/III breast cancer | A. FMD (n = 65)B. Control (n = 64)Diet was 3 d prior to and the day of treatment. Randomized control trialDexamethasone dc in FMD group | Ø differences between groupsPer-protocol: A. ↓ in compliant only* | Ø differences between groupsPer-protocol:A. ↓ in compliant only* | Ø differences between groupsPer-protocol: A. ↓ in compliant only* | |
1
Ø, no; NA, did not measure; *Significant change within group, P <0.05; **significant difference between groups at endpoint, no time interaction, P <0.05; #significant group × time interaction, P <0.05. CTX, Cyclophosphamide; FMD, fasting mimicking diet; IGF-1, insulin like growth factor 1; IGFBP, insulin like growth factor binding protein; KD + STF, ketogenic diet combined with short-term fasting (KD 6 d prior to STF); mSTF, modified short-term fasting (<25% of energy needs); STF, short-term fasting; TAC, Taxotere-Adriamycin-Cytoxan regimen.