TABLE 5.
ITF effects on mineral absorption and bone health in healthy adults1
| Ref. | Study design | Comparator | ITF type (trade name, manufacturer) | DP, range (mean) | ITF dosage, g/d | Intervention duration, wk | Washout duration, wk | N (nin ITF group) | Study population characteristics | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (100) | SGD | No ITF | Inulin–oligofructose (Synergy 1, Beneo-Orafti) | Oligofructose: 2–8 (4)Inulin: 10–60 (24) | 8 | 8 | NA | 13 | Healthy young adults age 23.9 ± 2.1 y, BMI 22.2 ± 2.2 | ↑ Calcium absorption (serum isotopes)8/13 “responders” (≥3% ↑ calcium absorption) |
| (102) | R, P | Low nonstarch polysaccharide diet | Chicory inulin (Agro-industries, Recherches et Developpements Society) | NA | 2 wk @ progressive intake, 12 d @ 40 | 3.7 | NA | 9 | Healthy adult men, 21.5 ± 2.5 y, BMI < 25 | ↑ Calcium absorption/balance↔ Magnesium, iron, zinc absorption/balanceAbsorption (intake − feces)Balance (urinary excretion − absorption) |
| (103) | R, DB, PC, CF | Maltodextrin | Inulin–oligofructose (Synergy 1, Beneo-Orafti) | Oligofructose: 3–8 (4)Inulin: 10–65 (25) | 10 | 6 | 6 | 15 | Healthy postmenopausal women age 72.2 ± 6.4 y, BMI 25.2 ± 3.3 | ↑ Calcium and magnesium absorption (plasma isotopes), bone resorption (deoxypyridinoline), bone formation (osteocalcin)↔ Serum vitamin D, PTH∼2/3 “responders” (↑ calcium & magnesium absorption)Baseline lumbar spine BMD ∼ responders (–)Baseline bone turnover ∼ magnesium absorption response (+) |
| (48) | R, DB, PC, CF | Maltodextrin | Inulin (Fibruline Instant, Cosucra) | 2–60 (10) | 20 | 4 | 2 | 32 | Adult women with low iron (plasma ferritin <25 μg/L), 18–40 y, BMI 21.5 ± 2.2 | ↔ Iron absorption (blood isotopes) |
| (104) | R, DB, PC, P | No ITF | scFOS | NA | 2.5 | 96 | NA | 367 (152) | Healthy postmenopausal women age 59.7 y, BMI 28.0 | ↔ Serum vitamin D, calcium |
| (107) | R, DB, PC, P | Maltodextrin | scFOS (NutraFlora) | 3–5 | 3.6 | 48 | NA | 300 (100) | Healthy postmenopausal women age 61 y, BMI 27.4 | ↓ Bone resorption (serum C-termal telopeptide), bone formation (serum osteocalcin)↔ Bone resorption (urinary deoxypyridinoline), serum vitamin D, calcium, plasma PTH↓ BMD loss |
| (108) | R, DB, PC, CF | Sucrose | scFOS (Actilight, Beghin Meiji) | 2–4 | 4 d @ 5, 4.4 wk @ 10 | 5 | ≥3 | 11 | Healthy postmenopausal women age 59 ± 6 y, BMI 25.1 ± 1.9 | ↑ Magnesium absorption/status |
| (105) | R, DB, PC, CF | Sucrose | scFOS (Actilight, Beghin Meiji) | 2–4 | 10 | 5 | ≥3 | 12 | Healthy postmenopausal women age 59.8 ± 6.2 y, BMI 25.2 ± 1.9 | ↑ Calcium absorption (trend in women with >6 y menopause)↔ Calcium absorption (fecal isotopes), calcium status (plasma/urine isotopes and totals), plasma vitamin D, PTH, bone resorption (urinary deoxypyridinoline), bone formation (plasma osteocalcin)↓ Plasma vitamin D (in women with 2–6 y menopause) |
| (57) | R, DB, DR, PC, P | Maltodextrin | scFOS (Fossence, Tata Chemicals Limited) | 3–5 | 0, 2.5, 5, 10 | 12.85 | NA | 80 (20) | Healthy adults age 23–44 y, BMI 24 ± 3.2 | ↑ Serum calcium (2.5 g/d, trend for increase with 5 and 10 g/d doses) |
| (106) | R, DB, PC, CF | No ITF | InulinscFOS | Inulin: 2–60scFOS: 2–8 | 15 | 3 | NA | 12 | Healthy adult men, 20–30 y | ↔ Calcium, iron absorption (plasma/urine isotopes) |
1
BMD, bone mineral density; CF, crossover feeding; DR, dose ranging; DB, double-blinded; DP, degree of polymerization; ITF, inulin-type fructans; MCF, multiple crossover feeding; NA, not applicable; P, parallel; PC, placebo-controlled; PF, plasma ferritin; PTH, parathyroid hormone; R, randomized; SB, single-blinded; SC, single-center; scFOS, short-chain fructooligosaccharides; SGD, single-group design; TB, triple blind.