Table 5.

Biological signal-based detection method.

Ref	Signal	Feature	Placement	Participants	Test environment	Method	Performance
[60]	EEG	PSD of α, θ, and δ	Head	11	Field test	Correlation Analysis	Significance
[35]	EEG	Band power, band ratio	Frontal temporal	50	Simulation	ANOVA	P < 0.05P < 0.01
[61]	EEG	PSD of α, β, α/β	Head	40	Simulation	SELM	MAE = 70.14 (± 13.02), RMSE = 102.19 (± 22.18), R2 = 0.74 (± 0.09)
[62]	EEG	PSD of θ, α, and β	Head	10	Simulation	RPCA	Accuracy = 99.4%
[63]	EEG	Energy, entropy, rhythmic, and asymmetry	Forehead	7	Simulation	RLX-TV	AccuracyF = 96.0% AccuracyD = 93.5%
[64]	ECG	HR, HRV	Chest	4	Simulation	SVM	Accuracy = 75%