Table 2.
Odds ratios and the 95% confidence intervals of hypertension association with various risk factors in women, Bangladesh, 2016
| Age groups | 18–44 years
hypertension (n) / total (N) = 110/753 |
45–64 years
hypertension (n) / total (N) = 96/248 |
||||
| n/N (%) | Age-adjusted
model |
Multivariable
model |
n/N (%) | Age-adjusted
model |
Multivariable
model |
|
| Education, years | ||||||
| None | 43/217 (19.8) | ref | ref | 77/180 (42.8) | ref | ref |
| 1–4 | 17/164 (10.4) | 0.66 (0.35–1.23) | 0.51 (0.26–0.99) | 11/35 (31.4) | 0.68 (0.31–1.48) | 0.61 (0.26–1.42) |
| ≥5 | 50/372 (13.4) | 1.09 (0.67–1.77) | 0.64 (0.38–1.07) | 8 /33 (24.2) | 0.49 (0.20–1.16) | 0.47 (0.18–1.20) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 8/53 (15.1) | ref | ref | 32/78 (41.0) | ref | ref |
| Married | 102/700 (14.6) | 1.37 (0.60–3.08) | 1.05 (0.44–2.50) | 64/170 (37.7) | 1.01 (0.57–1.80) | 1.46 (0.78–2.71) |
| Smokeless tobacco | ||||||
| Non-user | 91/628 (14.5) | ref | ref | 55/144 (38.2) | ref | ref |
| Current user | 19/125 (15.2) | 1.66 (0.38–1.17) | 1.01 (0.55–1.86) | 41/104 (39.4) | 0.98 (0.58–1.66) | 1.08 (0.60–1.95) |
| Physical activity, MET-minutes per week | ||||||
| <600 | 72/516 (14.0) | ref | ref | 62/161 (38.5) | ref | ref |
| ≥600 | 38 /237 (16.0) | 0.99 (0.63–1.54) | 0.90 (0.56–1.44) | 34 /87 (39.1) | 0.97 (0.57–1.67) | 1.40 (0.75–2.61) |
| HbA1c % | ||||||
| <5.7 | 44/405 (10.9) | ref | ref | 20/75 (26.7) | ref | ref |
| 5.7–6.4 | 34/223 (15.3) | 1.21 (0.73–1.99) | 1.02 (0.60–1.73) | 34/86 (39.5) | 1.69 (0.85–3.33) | 1.54 (0.75–3.14) |
| ≥6.5 | 32/125 (25.6) | 2.44 (1.44–4.14) | 2.11 (1.20–3.69) | 42/87 (48.3) | 2.40 (1.23–4.71) | 2.71 (1.31–5.60) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | ||||||
| <150 | 57/515 (11.1) | ref | ref | 29/100 (29.0) | ref | ref |
| 150–199 | 19/110 (17.3) | 1.30 (0.72–2.35) | 0.94 (0.50–1.78) | 25/52 (48.1) | 2.29 (1.13–4.62) | 2.00 (0.92–4.35) |
| ≥200 | 34/128 (26.6) | 2.16 (1.31–3.56) | 1.82 (1.06–3.11) | 42/96 (43.8) | 1.82 (1.00–3.32) | 1.21 (0.62–2.37) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||||
| <50 | 94/624 (15.1) | ref | ref | 87/209 (41.6) | ref | ref |
| ≥50 | 16/129 (12.4) | 1.26 (0.70–2.26) | 0.89 (0.70–2.26) | 9/39 (23.1) | 2.52 (1.13–5.65) | 2.20 (0.88–5.48) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||||
| <100 | 47/436 (10.8) | ref | ref | 40/108 (37.0) | ref | ref |
| 100–129 | 40/230 (17.4) | 1.54 (0.96–2.46) | 1.48 (0.91–2.41) | 39/98 (39.8) | 1.09 (0.61–1.93) | 0.61 (0.26–1.42) |
| ≥130 | 23/87 (26.4) | 2.53 (1.40–4.56) | 2.49 (1.34–4.61) | 17/42 (40.5) | 1.14 (0.54–2.38) | 0.47 (0.18–1.20) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||
| <25 | 39/447 (8.7) | ref | ref | 56/161 (37.8) | ref | ref |
| 25–27.4 | 24/146 (16.4) | 1.80 (1.03–3.17) | 1.24 (0.64–2.41) | 18/42 (42.9) | 1.46 (0.72–2.96) | 1.24 (0.55–2.80) |
| ≥27.5 | 47/160 (29.4) | 3.57 (2.19–5.81) | 1.99 (1.00–4.00) | 22/45 (48.9) | 2.14 (1.07–4.28) | 1.65 (0.65–4.20) |
| Waist circumference, cm | ||||||
| <80 | 26/339 (7.7) | ref | ref | 20/74 (27.0) | ref | ref |
| 80–89 | 31/234 (13.3) | 1.53 (0.87–2.70) | 1.08 (0.57–2.05) | 43/97 (44.3) | 2.05 (1.06–3.97) | 1.61 (0.77–3.36) |
| ≥90 | 53/180 (29.4) | 3.68 (2.17–6.26) | 1.88 (0.88–4.03) | 33/77 (42.9) | 2.03 (1.01–4.06) | 1.20 (0.48–3.03) |
ref: reference category
MET: metabolic equivalent
HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin
HDL: high-density lipoprotein
LDL: low-density lipoprotein
Multivariable model includes age, years of education, marital status, smokeless tobacco, physical activity, and blood levels of HbA1c, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, waist circumference and body mass index.
Tobacco smoking was not included as there were no smoking women. All the variables except age were included as categorical variables.