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. 2022 Jan 10;21(4):463–470. doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-01168-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Scheme showing the interfacial synthesis method used to fabricate crystalline CC3 films, which were subsequently adhered to a PAN support. These crystalline cage films can cycle between two different forms, CC3α-PAN and CC3γ′-PAN, by cycling the solvent between water and MeOH. CH₂Cl₂, dichloromethane. b, CC3α structure with its 3D pore network shown in yellow. c, The CC3γ′ structure, formed by soaking in MeOH, has additional extrinsic solvent-filled channels, shown here in orange, that open up additional porosity in the membrane in response to the MeOH solvent.