Table 2.

Interventional clinical trials targeting metastatic disease

Approach	Cancer type	Secondary site	Therapy	Details	Trial ID
Detecting micrometastasis	Breast	Lymph nodes	Axillary lymph node dissection	Testing if omission of axillary lymph node dissection despite the presence of micrometastatic disease affects survival (SENOMIC, NEONOD2)	NCT02049632, NCT04019678
Preventing Metastasis	Lung	All	Pulmonary vein or arterial ligation prior to surgical resection of the tumor	Vein or arterial ligation during tumor resection to prevent metastatic spread; CTCs in the peripheral blood monitoring as primary endpoint	NCT03436329
Eliminate DTCs	Breast	Bone marrow	Trastuzumab (Her2-targeted mAb)	Treatment of Her2-positive DTCs in bone marrow in the setting of Her2-negative primary tumor	NCT01779050
Eliminate DTCs	Breast	Bone marrow	Docetaxel	Adjuvant docetaxel treatment following epirubicin frontline therapy to eliminate disseminated cancer cells in the bone marrow	NCT00248703
Eliminate DTCs	Breast (triple-negative)	Minimal residual disease	Sarilumab (IL6R mAb) + Capecitabine (anti-metabolite)	Treatment of triple negative breast cancer with minimal residual disease (EMPOWER)	NCT04333706
Eliminate dormant DTCs	Breast	Dormant cells in bone marrow	Avelumab (PD-L1 mAb) or hydroxychloroquine +/- palbociclib (CDK inhibitor)	Treatment to eliminate dormant breast cancer cells in the bone marrow identified in bone marrow aspirates (PALAVY)	NCT04841148
Prevent recurrence in Her2-positive breast cancer	Breast	All	Pertuzumab and transtuzumab (Her2-targeted therapies)	Treatment to inhibit recurrence (primary outcome) with adjuvant endocrine therapy and transtuzumab in stage I hormone receptor positive and Her2 positive breast cancer (ADEPT)	NCT04569747