Table 3.
Associations Between Misdiagnosis Experience and the Trust in Physician Scale
| Trust in Physician Scale, points | Mean difference | (95%CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted* | |||
| Patient’s experience with a misdiagnosis | −5.80 | (−9.09 to −2.51) | 0.001 |
| Patient’s family experience with a misdiagnosis | −5.19 | (−8.23 to −2.14) | 0.001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted† | |||
| Patient’s experience with a misdiagnosis | −4.30 | (−8.12 to −0.49) | 0.028 |
| Patient’s family experience with a misdiagnosis | −3.20 | (−6.34 to −0.05) | 0.047 |
| Age, per 10 years | 1.17 | (0.06 to 2.29) | 0.040 |
| Sex, female | 1.17 | (−1.49 to 3.83) | 0.379 |
| Duration with patients’ physician | |||
| < 1 year | Ref | ||
| 1–< 3 years | 1.13 | (−2.86 to 5.11) | 0.573 |
| ≥ 3 years | 4.28 | (0.28 to 8.27) | 0.036 |
| Education | |||
| Junior high school | Ref | ||
| High school | −1.34 | (−6.6 to 3.88) | 0.607 |
| Junior college | 1.48 | (−5.6 to 8.58) | 0.677 |
| University | −0.43 | (−5.7 to 4.84) | 0.869 |
| Graduate school | −3.67 | (−12.0 to 4.61) | 0.377 |
| Not answered | −1.16 | (−9.2 to 6.85) | 0.772 |
| Total household income | |||
| < 1,000,000 yen | Ref | ||
| 1,000,000–< 3,000,000 yen | 5.93 | (−1.56 to 13.4) | 0.118 |
| 3,000,000–< 5,000,000 yen | 4.43 | (−2.25 to 11.1) | 0.188 |
| 5,000,000–< 10,000,000 yen | 4.81 | (−1.54 to 11.1) | 0.134 |
| ≥ 10,000,000 yen | 9.22 | (3.38 to 15.1) | 0.003 |
| Reported disease | |||
| Cardiac disease, arrhythmia | −0.34 | (−6.2 to 5.55) | 0.907 |
| Cardiac disease, angina pectoris or myocardial infarction | −1.30 | (−5.2 to 2.56) | 0.502 |
| Cardiac disease, heart failure | 2.41 | (−5.0 to 9.78) | 0.514 |
| Diabetes | −2.22 | (−6.3 to 1.89) | 0.282 |
| Connective tissue disease | −1.38 | (−8.6 to 5.81) | 0.701 |
| Cancer | 2.08 | (−0.5 to 4.69) | 0.114 |
| Depression | −2.49 | (−6.4 to 1.44) | 0.208 |
Analysis of 661 patients from 46 prefectures. Bold font indicates significance at P <0.05 in P-value column and corresponding mean difference and 95% confidence interval.
*General linear models with consideration of prefectural-level correlation using cluster-variance
†General linear model adjusted for age, sex, duration of the relationship with the physician, comorbidities, education, and total household income with consideration of prefectural-level correlation using cluster variance. The variable in each unadjusted model was included in the multivariable model