Table 4.

Parameter settings for the comparative meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. OA denotes Optimization Algorithms.

OA	Parameter(s)	Value(s)
MVO56	Minimum wormhole existence probability (${\mathit{WEP}}_{\mathit{min}}$) Maximum wormhole existence probability (${\mathit{WEP}}_{\mathit{max}}$)	${\mathit{WEP}}_{\mathit{min}}=0.2$ ${\mathit{WEP}}_{\mathit{max}}=1$
PSO57	Inertia weight (I) Acceleration Coefficients ($C_1,C_2$, $C_3$)	I lies in [0, 1] $C_1=2,C_2=2,C_3=1$
BAT58	Initial loudness (A) Pulse rate (r) Minimum frequency ($Q_{\mathit{min}}$) Maximum frequency ($Q_{\mathit{max}}$)	$A=0.5$ $r=0.5$ $Q_{\mathit{min}}=0$ $Q_{\mathit{max}}=2$
GWO59	Convergence operator (a) Exploration Parameter ($r_1,r_2$)	a lies in [2 0] $r_1,r_2$ lies in [0, 1]
WOA60	Random number (p) Spiral Updating Probability (b) Random Search Ability (r) Random Encircling ability (e)	p lies in [0, 1] $b=0.5$ $r=0.1$ e lies in [0, 0.5]
FFA61	Randomization Parameter, $(\alpha )$ Attractiveness at r=0, $({\beta }_0)$ Absorption coefficient, $(\gamma )$	$\alpha$ = 0.5 ${\beta }_0$ = 0.2 $\gamma$ = 1.0
MFO62	Convergence parameter (a) Shape of logarithmic spiral (b) Closeness Parameter (t)	a lies in $[-2,-1]$ $b=1$ t lies in $[-1,1]$