TABLE 1.
Results of susceptibility tests of the S. pneumoniae isolates overall and divided according to urban or rural location of the children
| Drug | Age group (yr) | No. of isolates resistant/no. tested (%)
|
RR (95% confidence interval) (urban vs rural) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Urban | Rural | |||
| Penicillin | All | 76/399 (19) | 73/211 (35) | 3/188 (2) | 21.7 (7.0–67.6) |
| <5 | 60/191 (31) | 60/163 (37) | 0/28 (0) | ||
| ≥5 | 16/208 (8) | 13/48 (27) | 3/160 (2) | 14.4 (4.3–48.6) | |
| Ceftriaxone | All | 3/399 (0.8) | 3/211 (1.4) | 0/188 (0) | |
| <5 | 3/191 (2) | 3/163 (2) | 0/28 (0) | ||
| ≥5 | 0/208 (0) | 0/48 (0) | 0/160 (0) | ||
| Erythromycin | All | 201/399 (50) | 168/211 (80) | 33/188 (18) | 4.5 (3.3–6.2) |
| <5 | 149/191 (78) | 142/163 (87) | 7/28 (25) | 3.5 (1.8–6.6) | |
| ≥5 | 52/208 (25) | 26/48 (54) | 26/160 (16) | 3.3 (2.1–5.2) | |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | All | 69/263 (26) | 44/107 (41) | 25/156 (16) | 2.6 (1.7–3.9) |
| <5 | 45/118 (38) | 38/90 (42) | 7/28 (25) | 1.7 (0.8–3.4) | |
| ≥5 | 24/145 (17) | 6/17 (35) | 18/128 (14) | 2.5 (1.2–5.4) | |
| Chloramphenicol | All | 157/399 (39) | 126/211 (60) | 31/188 (17) | 3.6 (2.6–5.1) |
| <5 | 115/191 (60) | 111/163 (68) | 4/28 (14) | 4.8 (1.9–11.9) | |
| ≥5 | 42/208 (20) | 15/48 (31) | 27/160 (17) | 1.8 (1.1–3.2) | |
| Tetracycline | All | 280/399 (70) | 133/211 (63) | 147/188 (78) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
| <5 | 121/191 (63) | 97/163 (60) | 24/28 (86) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | |
| ≥5 | 159/208 (76) | 36/48 (75) | 123/160 (77) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | |
| Three or more antibiotic groupsa | All | 83/263 (32) | 64/107 (60) | 19/156 (12) | 4.9 (3.1–7.7) |
| <5 | 60/118 (51) | 57/90 (63) | 3/28 (11) | 5.9 (2.0–17.4) | |
| ≥5 | 23/145 (16) | 7/17 (41) | 16/128 (13) | 3.3 (1.6–6.8) | |
a
Multidrug-resistant isolates.