TABLE 2.
Bivariate and multivariate sleep quality analysis among pregnant women in Debre Berhan (n = 422).
| Variable | Category | Sleep quality |
COR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | P-value | |
| Good | Poor | |||||
| Maternal age | <25 years | 88 | 87 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 26–35 years | 17 | 50 | 2.97 (1.59–5.56)* | 1.91 (0.77–4.72) | 0.160 | |
| 36–45 years | 40 | 68 | 1.72 (1.05–2.81)* | 1.28 (0.61–2.70) | 0.519 | |
| ≥46 years | 12 | 60 | 5.06 (2.54–10.05)* | 4.27 (1.43–12.79) | 0.009** | |
| Marital status | Single | 9 | 18 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Married | 143 | 223 | 0.78 (0.34–1.78) | 0.42 (0.13–1.34) | 0.142 | |
| Divorced | 5 | 24 | 2.39 (0.69–8.39)* | 2.14 (0.46–9.91) | 0.333 | |
| Maternal education | No formal education | 44 | 94 | 1.04 (0.55–1.98) | 2.28 (0.94–5.52) | 0.067 |
| 10 education | 69 | 95 | 0.67 (0.36–1.25)* | 1.36 (0.59–3.13) | 0.476 | |
| 20 education | 24 | 35 | 0.71 (0.34–1.49) | 1.78 (0.66–4.77) | 0.254 | |
| Diploma and above | 20 | 41 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Maternal occupation | Housewife | 97 | 144 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Government employee | 23 | 50 | 1.46 (0.84–2.56)* | 1.19 (0.56–2.53) | 0.651 | |
| Private employee | 14 | 46 | 2.21 (1.15–4.25)* | 2.03 (0.92–4.48) | 0.079 | |
| Student | 23 | 25 | 0.73 (0.39–1.36) | 2.18 (0.81–5.81) | 0.121 | |
| Husband education | No formal education | 36 | 58 | 0.74 (0.40–1.36) | 0.92 (0.34–2.47) | 0.872 |
| 10 education | 58 | 87 | 0.69 (0.39–1.20)* | 0.88 (0.38–2.07) | 0.773 | |
| 20 education | 35 | 59 | 0.77 (0.42–1.43) | 0.87 (0.33–2.26) | 0.769 | |
| Diploma and above | 28 | 61 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Husband occupation | Employed | 58 | 105 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Merchant | 77 | 139 | 0.99 (0.65–1.54) | 1.21 (0.57–2.57) | 0.615 | |
| Daily labor | 22 | 21 | 0.53 (0.27–1.04)* | 0.56 (0.20–1.56) | 0.269 | |
| No. of people living with | ≤4 individual | 132 | 207 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| >4 individuals | 25 | 58 | 1.48 (0.88–2.48)* | 0.58 (0.29–1.16) | 0.125 | |
| Distance to the health facility | <2 km | 78 | 114 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 2 – 5 km | 66 | 128 | 1.33 (0.88–2.01)* | 0.92 (0.52–1.63) | 0.780 | |
| >5 km | 13 | 23 | 1.21 (0.58–2.53) | 0.46 (0.15–1.39) | 0.171 | |
| Trimester of pregnancy | 1st trimester | 36 | 27 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 2nd trimester | 57 | 72 | 1.68 (0.92–3.09)* | 1.31 (0.55–3.14) | 0.542 | |
| 3rd trimester | 64 | 166 | 3.46 (1.94–6.15)* | 2.51 (1.17–5.42) | 0.019** | |
| Gravidity | Primigravida | 91 | 81 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Multigravida | 66 | 184 | 3.13 (2.08–4.72)* | 2.72 (1.34–5.50) | 0.006** | |
| Co-morbid disease | Present | 7 | 36 | 3.37 (1.46–7.77)* | 3.57 (1.45–8.78) | 0.006** |
| Absent | 150 | 229 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Watch TV before bedtime | Yes | 123 | 221 | 1.39 (0.84–2.29)* | 1.85 (0.79–4.36) | 0.158 |
| No | 34 | 44 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Heard the radio before bedtime | Yes | 83 | 159 | 1.34 (0.89–1.99)* | 1.12 (0.59–2.12) | 0.713 |
| No | 74 | 106 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Read newspaper about COVID-19 | Yes | 16 | 24 | 0.88 (0.45–1.71) | ||
| No | 141 | 241 | 1.00 | |||
*Candidate variables for multivariate analysis at p-value ≤ 0.2. **Statistically significant factors at a p-value of <0.05.