Table 2.

DF-GLS and unit root with a break.

	DF-GLS			Unit root with a break
	I(0)	I(1)	Decision	I(0)	Break date	I(1)	Break date	Decision
HDI	0.235	−4.253***	I(1)	−1.625	2018	−4.878**	2007	I(1)
EDUCATION	0.458	−4.587***	I(1)	−1.875	2003	−5.879***	1996	I(1)
HEDU	0.578	−2.655***	I(1)	−0.714	2012	−5.548***	2014	I(1)
INTERNET	0.215	−2.255**	I(1)	−1.452	2018	−4.987***	2006	I(1)
ICT	−1.923*		I(0)	−2.258	2016	−4.356*	2003	I(1)
FD	0.452	−5.235***	I(1)	−2.022	2001	−5.355***	2001	I(1)
FDI	−1.763*		I(0)	−4.256*	2011			I(0)

^***p < 0.01.

^**p < 0.05.

^*p < 0.1.