Table 3.
Activators of SIRT3.
| SIRT3 activator | Source | Model system | Physiological effects of activator treatment | Cardiac phenotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phytochemicals | |||||
| Resveratrol | Vitis vinifera, Morus rubra, Vaccinum spp., Polygonum cuspidatum, Artocarpus sp., Rheum raponticum, Pinus sylvestris, Cassia sp., Arachis hypogea, Picea sp. | Mice with cardiac hypertrophy | TGF-β/α-SMA signaling (↓) | Cardiac fibrosis (↓) | (145, 163) |
| Polydatin | Polygonium cuspidatum | Mice with myocardial infarction | Mitochondrial biogenesis (↑), autophagy (↑), apoptosis (↓) |
Cardiac function (↑) | (148) |
| Dihydromyricetin | Ampelopsis grossedentata | Mice with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion | Mitochondrial function (↑), Oxidative stress (↓) |
Cardiac IR injury (↓) | (149) |
| Berberine | Berberis vulgaris | Doxorubicin-treated cardiomyocytes | Mitochondrial biogenesis (↑), Mitochondrial fragmentation (↓), Oxidative stress (↓), Apoptosis (↓) |
DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (↓) | (150) |
| Honokiol | Magnolia officinalis | Doxorubicin-treated mice hearts | Mitochondrial function (↑), Mitochondrial DNA damage (↓), Oxidative stress (↓), Apoptosis (↓) |
DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (↓) | (38, 151, 164) |
| Salidroside | Rhodiola rosea | HFD + Streptozocin-induced diabetic mice; High fat and High glucose-conditioned neonatal rat cardiomyocytes | AMPK activity (↑), PGC-1α expression (↑), Mitochondrial mass (↑), Mitochondrial superoxide production (↓) |
Cardiac fibrosis (↓), Cardiac function (↑) |
(154) |
| Licoisoflavone A | Glycyrrhiza uralensis | Phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes | ANF and BNP expression (↓) | PE-induced hypertrophy (↓) | (155) |
| Quercetin | Morus alba, Moringa oleifera, Brassica sp., Prunus domestica etc. | Angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes | Mitochondrial function (↑), Oxidative stress (↓) |
Angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy (↓) | (156, 165) |
| Other molecules | |||||
| Exogenous NAD+ | Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice; Phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes | LKB1-AMPK signaling (↑), Anf expression (↓), Collagen-α expression (↓) |
Cardiac fibrosis (↓), Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy (↓), Cardiac function (↑) |
(105) | |
| Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) | Friedreich's ataxia cardiomyopathy (FXN) mouse model | Glycolytic flux (↓) | Cardiac function (↑) | (160) | |
| Metformin | Mice with myocardial infarction | Mitochondrial function (↑), PGC-1α activity (↑), Apoptosis (↓) |
Cardiac function (↑) | (90) | |
| Melatonin | Mice with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, H9C2 cardiomyocytes | Apoptosis (↓), Oxidative stress (↓) |
Infarct size (↓), Post-ischemic contractile function (↑) |
(161) | |
| Choline | Abdominal Aortic Banding (AAB) rats; Angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes | AMPK activity (↑), mtUPR (↑), Mitochondrial function (↑), Ketone body metabolism (↑), BNP expression (↓) |
Cardiac function (↑) | (60) | |
| Elabela | Streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic mouse model | SOD-2 and MnSOD expression (↑), Apoptosis (↓), Oxidative stress (↓), Interstitial collagen deposition (↓) |
Cardiac fibrosis (↓), Cardiac function (↑) |
(162) | |