Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
|
Baseline characteristics |
p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 56) | CAD (n = 60) | MI (n = 55) | |||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 60.6 | (4.7) | 60.9 | (4.6) | 60.7 | (4.5) | 0.96 |
| Sex (Male), n (%) | 46 | (82) | 49 | (82) | 44 | (80) | 0.95 |
| BMI(kg/m2), median (IQR) | 27.0 | (24.9–28.3) | 26.9 | (24.5–28.9) | 27.0 | (24.7–28.7) | 0.93 |
| Weight(kg), mean (SD) | 80.0 | (10.5) | 81.0 | (10.9) | 77.8 | (11.3) | 0.28 |
| Height(cm), mean (SD) | 173 | (8.2) | 173 | (7.6) | 170 | (9.4) | 0.12 |
| LBM (kg), median (IQR) | 58.8 | (54.2–63.9) | 60.0 | (53.0–65.3) | 58.9 | (53.7–65.0) | 0.67 |
| WC (cm), mean (SD) | 92.1 | (9.4) | 92.3 | (9.5) | 90.9 | (8.9) | 0.71 |
| WHR | 0.92 | (0.08) | 0.92 | (0.07) | 0.91 | (0.07) | 0.63 |
| CVD risk factors, n(%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 34 | (61) | 24 | (40) | 24 | (44) | 0.06 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 18 | (32) | 56 | (93) | 51 | (93) | 0.001 |
| Familiy history – Heart Disease | 25 | (45) | 44 | (73) | 34 | (62) | 0.007 |
| Past smokers | |||||||
| Smoked on most or all days | 16 | (29) | 23 | (38) | 23 | (42) | 0.32 |
| Smoked occasionally | 5 | (9) | 3 | (5) | 5 | (9) | 0.64 |
| Just tried once or twice | 11 | (20) | 7 | (12) | 9 | (16) | 0.50 |
| Never smoked | 24 | (43) | 26 | (43) | 18 | (33) | 0.43 |
| Medication, n(%) | |||||||
| Statins | 19 | (34) | 54 | (90) | 50 | (91) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 1 | (2) | 9 | (15) | 11 | (20) | 0.01 |
| ACE-inhibitors | 3 | (5) | 18 | (30) | 35 | (64) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 6 | (11) | 7 | (12) | 8 | (15) | 0.81 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 7 | (13) | 19 | (32) | 5 | (9) | 0.003 |
| Biomarkers | |||||||
| TG (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 0.02 | (0.02 – 0.03) | 0.02 | (0.01 – 0.03) | 0.02 | (0.01 – 0.03) | 0.23 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 0.10 | (0.02) | 0.08 | (0.02) | 0.08 | (0.02) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 0.04 | (0.01) | 0.03 | (0.01) | 0.03 | (0.01) | 0.07 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 0.15 | (0.02) | 0.13 | (0.03) | 0.13 | (0.03) | <0.001 |
| Apo-A (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 0.05 | (0.01) | 0.05 | (0.01) | 0.05 | (0.01) | 0.39 |
| Apo-B (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 0.03 | (0.01) | 0.03 | (0.01) | 0.03 | (0.01) | 0.002 |
| HbA1c (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 35.2 | (3.57) | 36.1 | (3.60) | 35.85 | (3.30) | 0.37 |
| Cr (µmol/L), mean (SD) | 81.5 | (13.3) | 79.4 | (12.0) | 81.4 | (14.9) | 0.64 |
| CRP (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.28 | (0.66 – 2.26) | 1.21 | (0.62 – 2.36) | 1.04 | (0.63 – 2.20) | 0.88 |
| Hb (g/dL), mean (SD) | 14.7 | (1.06) | 14.9 | (1.09) | 14.7 | (0.88) | 0.47 |
| Haemodynamics, mean (SD) | |||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 138 | (12.6) | 139 | (13.4) | 136 | (12.6) | 0.42 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 111 | (8.9) | 110 | (9.6) | 108 | (8.9) | 0.30 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 100 | (7.6) | 97 | (8.2) | 96 | (8.3) | 0.016 |
| HR (BPM) | 67 | (10) | 65 | (12) | 63.4 | (11) | 0.13 |
P-values for differences between the three groups were obtained using the one-way ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests, depending on distribution. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; Apo: Apolipoprotein; BMI: body mass index; Cr: creatinine; CRP: c-reactive protein; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; Hb: hemoglobin; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR: heart rate; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAP: mean arterial pressure; TG: triglycerides.