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. 2022 Mar 18;13:867937. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867937

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Copyright © 2022 Underwood, Park, Uebelhoer, Gu, Kunkel, Korthuis, Cook, Sekaly, Ribeiro and Lancioni

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alcohol-use disorder Among PLWH is associated with an increased level of soluble CD40L, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. Plasma levels of soluble CD40L (A), and TGF-β1 (B) and TGF-β2 (C) were quantified by standard ELISA and cytokine U-PLEX assay, respectively, among CTN-055 participants at W0 (n = 23) and W4 (n = 23), and PLWH ref. population (n = 22) at study enrollment. Shown are means with SD (A) or medians with IQR (B, C). When soluble CD40L, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2 were examined simultaneously, distinct clustering of study participants based on exposure to AUD and HCV was noted (D).