Table 2.

Summary table of results from observational studies within the weight systematic review

Outcome	RMD
	OA	RA	SLE	axSpA	PsA	SSc	Gout
Pain	✔✔✔	✔✔	–	✔	✔	–	–
Function	❌	✔✔✔	✔	–	✔	–	❌
Radiographic progression	❌	✔✔†	–	✔	–	–	–
Disease activity	–	✔✔✔	❌	✔✔	✔✔	–	✔ (serum uric acid, gout attacks)
Fatigue	–	✔	❌	✔	–	–	–
Comorbidities	–	✔✔	✔✔	✔	–	–	–
Other	–	–	–	–	✔(Enthesitis) ✔(Psoriasis score)	–	–
Mortality	–	✔✔✔*	–	–	–	✔*	–

Level of evidence of an association between weight and outcome: ✔=very low quality, ✔✔=low quality, ✔✔✔=moderate quality, ✔✔✔✔=high quality, ❌=No evidence of association between weight and outcome from included observational studies, –=No information from included observational studies

This table refers to results where increasing weight is associated with worse scores on outcome measures or higher risk of poor outcomes, other than where noted as follows

*Higher weight associated with lower risk of mortality.

†Higher weight associated with lower radiographic progression in RA.

axSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; OA, osteoarthritis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RMD, rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SSc, systemic sclerosis.