FIGURE 1.

Optimization of PMA treatment condition. (A) Optimization of PMA concentration. Viable and dead Salmonella cells were separately treated with PMA at a range of concentrations, followed by 10 min dark incubation and 10 min light exposure. (B) Optimization of dark incubation time. Viable and dead Salmonella cells were separately treated with PMA at a concentration of 20 μM. Samples were incubated in dark for different durations, followed by light exposure for 10 min. (C) Optimization of light exposure time. Viable and dead Salmonella cells were separately treated with PMA at a concentration of 20 μM. Samples were incubated in dark for 5 min, followed by light exposure at different durations. Different letters indicated significant differences among different groups (P < 0.05).