. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Clin Oncol. 2022 Apr 1;45(4):146–154. doi: 10.1097/COC.0000000000000902

Table 2.

Multivariable analysis of management of early-stage NSCLC treated in the U.S. from 2004 to 2016

	SBRT vs Lobectomy	Sublobar Resection vs Lobectomy	No Treatment vs Lobectomy

	RRR (95% CI)	RRR (95% CI)	RRR (95% CI)

Year of Diagnosis
2004	Reference	Reference	Reference
2005	1.404 (1.02–1.94)	1.01 (0.91–1.12)	0.93 (0.83–1.05)
2006	3.36 (2.53–4.46)^a	0.97 (0.88–1.07)	0.91 (0.81–1.01)
2007	6.11 (4.67–7.98)^a	0.98 (0.89–1.08)	0.78 (0.69–0.87)^a
2008	5.60 (4.31–7.28)^a	0.88 (0.81–0.97)	0.58 (0.52–0.64)^a
2009	7.45 (5.75–9.65)^a	0.87 (0.80–0.95)	0.54 (0.49–0.60)^a
2010	10.09 (7.80–13.05)^a	0.89 (0.82–0.97)	0.60 (0.55–0.67)^a
2011	12.53 (9.69–16.20)^a	0.93 (0.85–1.01)	0.59 (0.53–0.65)^a
2012	15.61 (12.09–20.17)^a	0.95 (0.87–1.04)	0.65 (0.59–0.71)^a
2013	17.77 (13.76–22.94)^a	0.95 (0.87–1.03)	0.68 (0.62–0.75)^a
2014	19.86 (15.38–25.64)^a	0.99 (0.91–1.07)	0.74 (0.67–0.82)^a
2015	23.55 (18.25–30.39)^a	0.98 (0.90–1.06)	0.73 (0.67–0.81)^a
2016	25.29 (19.60–32.64)^a	0.94 (0.87–1.03)	0.67 (0.61–0.74)^a

Tumor Size
0–1 cm	Reference	Reference	Reference
1–2 cm	0.99 (0.94–1.05)	0.49 (0.47–0.51)^a	0.78 (0.73–0.84)^a
2–3 cm	0.83 (0.79–0.88)^a	0.25 (0.24–0.26)^a	0.87 (0.81–0.93)^a
3–4 cm	0.69 (0.64–0.73)^a	0.15 (0.14–0.16)^a	1.12 (1.04–1.21)
4–5 cm	0.53 (0.49–0.57)^a	0.10 (0.09–0.11)^a	1.62 (1.50–1.76)^a

Age
≤50	Reference	Reference	Reference
50–60	2.81 (2.35–3.35)^a	1.21 (1.11–1.33)^a	1.29 (1.13–1.48)^b
60–70	4.10 (3.45–4.87)^a	1.47 (1.35–1.60)^a	1.46 (1.28–1.66)^a
>70	9.41 (7.91–11.12)^a	2.04 (1.87–2.23)^a	3.13 (2.75–3.56)^a

Race
White	Reference	Reference	Reference
Black	1.10 (1.04–1.16)^b	0.98 (0.93–1.03)	1.90 (1.80–2.01)^a
Other	0.52 (0.46–0.55)^a	0.78 (0.72–0.85)^a	1.16 (1.05–1.28)

Insurance
Medicare/Medicaid	Reference	Reference	Reference
Private	0.62 (0.60–0.65)^a	0.83 (0.80–0.86)^a	0.69 (0.66–0.66)^a
Uninsured	0.73 (0.62–0.85)^a	0.88 (0.78–1.00)	1.66 (1.46–1.88)^a
Other	3.42 (3.10–3.78)^a	0.92 (0.80–1.05)	1.66 (1.44–1.92)^a
Unknown	1.11 (0.98–1.26)	0.93 (0.82–1.05)	1.25 (1.08–1.44)

Median Household Income
<63,000	Reference	Reference	Reference
≥63,000	0.78 (0.75–0.81)^a	1.19 (1.15–1.23)^a	0.82 (0.78–0.86)^a

Education^*
<7%	Reference	Reference	Reference
≥7%	0.99 (0.95–1.03)	1.05 (1.01–1.09)	1.18 (1.12–1.24)^a

Facility
Academic center	Reference	Reference	Reference
Community cancer center	0.48 (0.44–0.51)^a	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	2.44 (2.30–2.59)^a
Comprehensive cancer center	0.70 (0.67–0.72)^a	0.82 (0.79–0.84)^a	1.43 (1.37–1.49)^a
Other	0.95 (0.91–0.99)	0.78 (0.75–0.82)^a	1.27 (1.20–1.34)^a

Charlson-Deyo score
0	Reference	Reference	Reference
1	0.67 (0.65–0.70)^a	1.18 (1.15–1.21)^a	0.66 (0.64–0.69)^a
2	0.79 (0.75–0.82)^a	1.36 (1.31–1.42)^a	0.83 (0.79–0.88)^a
≥3	0.99 (0.93–1.06)	1.51 (1.42–1.60)^a	1.19 (1.11–1.28)^a

Location
Metropolitan	Reference	Reference	Reference
Urban	1.32 (1.10–1.59)	0.83 (0.67–1.02)	0.77 (0.60–1.00)
Rural	1.20 (0.48–3.01)	1.17 (0.48–2.87)	1.69 (0.61–4.67)

Based on percentage of adult residents in patients’ ZIP code at time of diagnosis who did not graduate from high school. <7% represents patients who lived in a better educated area.

p<0.0001

p<0.001

RRR: relative risk ratio.