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Effect of TNF-α and GM-CSF on the kinetics of macrolide or ketolide uptake. PMN were pretreated with TNF-α, GM-CSF, or HSA for 30 min and further incubated with HMR 3004 (A), HMR 3647 (B), or roxithromycin (C) for 5 to 120 min. Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean for three to six experiments for TNF-α (P < 0.05 from 5 to 60 min) and two experiments for GM-CSF.
