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. 2022 Mar 18;15:853509. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.853509

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Lin, Yao, Chen, Hu, Liu and Jin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Finite element models of high-definition transcranial direct current (HD-tDCS) of the left M1. Cortical surface and deep brain structure plots illustrate electric field magnitude (A; directionless; blue color represents zero electric field and the red color represents peak magnitude). HD-tDCS electrodes were placed according to the International 10–20 System. The central electrode was placed at C3 with surrounding return electrodes that are located at FC1, FC5, CP5, and CP1 (red color represents anode, blue color represents cathode). Anodal (B) and cathodal (C) modeling showed a similar current field intensity but with current flow in opposite directions. The direction of the current flow is indicated by black arrows. A field intensity range of 0.00–0.08 V/m was used.