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. 2022 Mar 18;13:858714. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858714

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Copyright © 2022 Ullah, Ansari, Verry, Hussain, Ellison, McManus and Williams.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flow chart of the hybridization and breeding program. A, O, P^r, O^r represent haploid sub-genomes (x = 8) of Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium occidentale, ancestral Trifolium pallescens from Trifolium repens, ancestral T. occidentale from T. repens, respectively. R represents chromosomes from T. repens where the sub-genomes could not be defined. Partial sub-genomes are designated by subscripts, e.g., O₄ represents four T. occidentale chromosomes. Numbers are those expected assuming random assortment. Female parents are generally on the left side, with one exception (designated ♂). BC₁ families were produced using crosses in either direction (designated ♂♀). indicates self-pollination.

Inline graphic — Flow chart of the hybridization and breeding program. A, O, P^r, O^r represent haploid sub-genomes (x = 8) of Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium occidentale, ancestral Trifolium pallescens from Trifolium repens, ancestral T. occidentale from T. repens, respectively. R represents chromosomes from T. repens where the sub-genomes could not be defined. Partial sub-genomes are designated by subscripts, e.g., O₄ represents four T. occidentale chromosomes. Numbers are those expected assuming random assortment. Female parents are generally on the left side, with one exception (designated ♂). BC₁ families were produced using crosses in either direction (designated ♂♀). indicates self-pollination.