Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Pyrethroid-only group | Pyriproxyfen group | Chlorfenapyr group | Piperonyl butoxide group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study clusters | |||||
| Population | |||||
| Overall study area | 61 183 | 57 567 | 60 115 | 57 631 | |
| Core cluster areas | 43 877 | 43 266 | 41 748 | 45 020 | |
| Mean number of people per household in the study area | 7·3 (3·3) | 6·8 (3·0) | 7·2 (3·1) | 6·9 (2·8) | |
| Households and children (aged 6 months to 14 years) selected for baseline cross-sectional survey (September, 2018) | |||||
| Number selected | |||||
| Households | 680 | 667 | 671 | 638 | |
| Children | 1295 | 1290 | 1249 | 1185 | |
| Median age of selected children, years | 6 (3–10), N=1295 | 6 (3–10), N=1290 | 6 (3–9), N=1249 | 6 (3–10), N=1185 | |
| Low socioeconomic status* | 210/680 (30·9%) | 230/667 (34·5%) | 209/671 (31·1%) | 237/638 (37·1%) | |
| Long-lasting insecticidal net use | |||||
| In household residents of all age groups | 2957/4962 (59·6%) | 2813/4520 (62·2%) | 2849/4803 (59·3%) | 2695/4369 (61·7%) | |
| In selected children | 831/1295 (64·2%) | 839/1290 (65·0%) | 781/1249 (62·5%) | 751/1185 (63·4%) | |
| Malaria infection prevalence in selected children | 519/1130 (45·9%) | 516/1118 (46·2%) | 469/1099 (42·7%) | 444/1056 (42·0%) | |
| Anaemia† prevalence in children aged 6 months to 4 years | 28/453 (6·2%) | 28/500 (5·6%) | 28/507 (5·5%) | 20/472 (4·2%) | |
| Children (aged 6 months to 10 years) enrolled in cohort (March, 2019, and February, 2020) | |||||
| Median age, years | 5 (3–7), N=1523 | 5 (3–8), N=1523 | 5 (2–7), N=1495 | 5 (3–8), N=1527 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 787/1523 (51·7%) | 789/1523 (51·8%) | 718/1495 (48·0%) | 825/1527 (54·0%) | |
| Male | 736/1523 (48·3%) | 734/1523 (48·2%) | 777/1495 (52·0%) | 702/1527 (46·0%) | |
| LLIN use at enrolment | 1450/1523 (95·2%) | 1473/1523 (96·7%) | 1432/1495 (95·8%) | 1467/1527 (96·1%) | |
| Entomological characteristics (August to December, 2018) | |||||
| Mean indoor vectors per household per night | 5·9 (20·9), N=335 | 4·2 (18·0), N=334 | 2·8 (17·5), N=334 | 1·9 (7·0), N=337 | |
| Sporozoite rate | 30/680 (4·4%) | 19/570 (3·3%) | 7/318 (2·2%) | 11/367 (3·0%) | |
| Mean entomological inoculation rate per household per night | 0·35 (0·72), N=331 | 0·11 (0·34), N=328 | 0·04 (0·20), N=332 | 0·07 (0·26), N=326 | |
| Anopheles funestus proportion | 1869/1982 (94·3%) | 1331/1401 (95·0%) | 904/948 (95·4%) | 596/642 (92·8%) | |
Data are n, mean (SD), n/N (%), or median (IQR). LLIN=long-lasting insecticidal net.
*
Proportion of households in the poorest tercile based on the wealth index of the entire study area.
†
Defined as haemoglobin concentration <8 g/dL.