Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Life After Pregnancy Study (2016, United States)
| Maternal or infant characteristic | Total sample (N = 232), n (%) | Women with subthreshold OC symptoms (n = 200, 86%), n (%) | Women with clinically elevated OC symptomsa (n = 32, 14%), n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years | |||
| 18–26 | 44 (19) | 33 (17) | 11 (34) |
| 27–30 | 63 (27) | 54 (27) | 9 (28) |
| 31–34 | 64 (27) | 58 (29) | 5 (16) |
| ≥35 | 62 (26) | 55 (28) | 7 (22) |
| Maternal education | |||
| ≤High school/GED | 17 (7) | 16 (8) | 1 (3) |
| Some college/associate's degree | 52 (22) | 37 (19) | 15 (47) |
| College graduate | 68 (29) | 61 (31) | 7 (22) |
| Postgraduate education | 95 (41) | 86 (43) | 9 (28) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married/living with partner | 207 (89) | 182 (91) | 25 (78) |
| Single | 17 (7) | 11 (6) | 6 (19) |
| Separated, divorced, widowed, or partner not living together | 8 (3) | 7 (4) | 1 (3) |
| Maternal race | |||
| Caucasian/White | 172 (74) | 153 (77) | 19 (59) |
| African American/Black | 17 (7) | 13 (7) | 4 (13) |
| Other or multiple races | 18 (8) | 17 (9) | 1 (3) |
| Missing | 25 (11) | 17 (9) | 8 (25) |
| Maternal ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 11 (5) | 9 (5) | 2 (6) |
| Non-Hispanic | 199 (86) | 176 (88) | 23 (72) |
| Missing | 22 (9) | 15 (8) | 7 (22) |
| Household income | |||
| <$15,000 | 8 (3) | 7 (4) | 1 (3) |
| $15,000 to <$35,000 | 22 (9) | 15 (8) | 7 (22) |
| $35,000 to <$55,000 | 26 (11) | 24 (12) | 2 (7) |
| $55,000 to <$75,000 | 38 (16) | 33 (17) | 5 (16) |
| $75,000 to <$95,000 | 30 (13) | 25 (13) | 5 (16) |
| ≥$95,000 | 85 (37) | 80 (40) | 5 (16) |
| Missing | 23 (10) | 16 (8) | 7 (22) |
| Employment | |||
| Stay at home mother | 68 (29) | 57 (29) | 11 (34) |
| Employed full time or full-time student | 108 (47) | 91 (46) | 17 (53) |
| Employed part time | 31 (13) | 28 (14) | 3 (9) |
| Temporary maternity leave | 25 (11) | 24 (12) | 1 (3) |
| Mother returned to work | 139 (60) | 119 (60) | 20 (63) |
| Child age when returned to work/school (among those who had returned), months | |||
| 0 | 8 (6) | 8 (7) | 0 (0) |
| 1 | 36 (26) | 27 (23) | 9 (45) |
| 2 | 44 (32) | 39 (33) | 5 (25) |
| 3 | 32 (23) | 29 (24) | 3 (15) |
| 4–6 | 8 (6) | 8 (7) | 0 (0) |
| Missing | 11 (8) | 8 (7) | 3 (15) |
| Child attends day care program | |||
| Among those who were employed or in school | 102 (73) | 90 (76) | 12 (60 |
| Missing | 10 (7) | 7 (6) | 3 (15) |
| How household is able to make ends meet | |||
| With great difficulty | 10 (4) | 7 (4) | 3 (9) |
| With difficulty | 18 (8) | 14 (7) | 4 (13) |
| Just get by | 83 (35) | 69 (35) | 14 (44) |
| Easily | 70 (30) | 67 (34) | 3 (9) |
| Very easily | 28 (12) | 27 (14) | 1 (3) |
| Missing | 23 (10) | 16 (8) | 7 (22) |
| Household size | |||
| 2–3 People | 103 (44) | 92 (46) | 11 (34) |
| 4–5 People | 83 (36) | 34 (36) | 11 (34) |
| ≥6 People | 23 (10) | 20 (10) | 3 (9) |
| Missing | 23 (10) | 16 (8) | 7 (22) |
| No. of children in household | |||
| 1 | 109 (47) | 97 (49) | 12 (38) |
| 2 | 63 (27) | 58 (29) | 5 (16) |
| 3 | 26 (11) | 19 (10) | 7 (22) |
| ≥4 | 11 (5) | 10 (5) | 1 (3) |
| Missing | 23 (10) | 16 (8) | 7 (22) |
| Cesarean section | 57 (25) | 44 (22) | 13 (41) |
| Missing | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) |
| Infant age at time of survey, months | |||
| 2 | 51 (22) | 44 (22) | 7 (22) |
| 3 | 54 (23) | 47 (24) | 7 (22) |
| 4 | 47 (20) | 42 (21) | 5 (16) |
| 5 | 36 (16) | 34 (17) | 2 (6) |
| 6 | 44 (19) | 33 (17) | 11 (34) |
| Psychiatric problems diagnosed by a medical professionalb | |||
| Anxiety | 33 (14) | 28 (14) | 5 (16) |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (3) |
| Depression | 20 (9) | 14 (7) | 6 (19) |
| Postpartum depression | 5 (2) | 5 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Missing | 22 (9) | 15 (8) | 7 (22) |
| EPDS | |||
| ≥12 | 40 (17) | 24 (12) | 16 (50) |
| Missing | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (3) |
| PSI-4-SF >90th percentile for Total Stress | 6 (3) | 3 (2) | 3 (9) |
a
Women with clinically elevated OC symptoms received a score ≥21 on the OCI-R.
b
Percentages do not sum to 100 because only women who indicated that they have a psychiatric problem diagnosed by a medical professional were asked to indicate their particular diagnosis.
EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; OC, obsessive-compulsive; OCI-R, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Revised; PSI-4-SF, Parenting Stress Index, Fourth Edition, Short Form.