Table 3. ORs of the Associations Between Lung Cancer Screening, Number of Comorbidities, and Race and Ethnicity Among Individuals Representing 3.68 Million Screen-Eligible US Individuals, 2017-2020.
| Variable | Unadjusted | Model 4a | Model 5b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR 95% CI | P value | aOR 95% CI | P value | aOR 95% CI | P value | |
| No. of comorbiditiesc | ||||||
| 0 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 1 | 1.30 (0.79-2.14) | .31 | 1.20 (0.74-1.94) | .46 | 1.19 (0.74-1.92) | .47 |
| 2 | 1.99 (1.23-3.21) | .01 | 1.81 (1.14-2.88) | .01 | 1.77 (1.12-2.81) | .02 |
| ≥3 | 2.75 (1.68-4.50) | <.001 | 2.47 (1.53-3.98) | <.001 | 2.38 (1.48-3.83) | <.001 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.61 (0.30-1.28) | .20 |
| Non-Hispanic White | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Otherd | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.01 (0.39-2.61) | .99 |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
Model 4 included the following covariates: age (5-year categories), sex (male vs female), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, separated, never married, or part of an unmarried couple), body mass index (<18.5, 18.5 to <25, 25 to <30, or ≥30; body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), educational attainment (never attended school or only kindergarten, elementary school, some high school, high school graduate, some college, or college graduate or more), smoking-history in pack-years (quartiles), insurance status (any vs none), receipt of influenza vaccine in prior 12 months (no vs yes), and difficulty paying for medical care (no vs yes). Exposure variable was number of comorbidities.
Model 5 included the same covariates as model 4. Exposure variables were number of comorbidities and race and ethnicity.
Comorbidities are defined as the following: chronic kidney disease, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, vascular disease, diabetes, personal history of cancer other than skin cancer.
Other race is defined as American Indian or Alaska Native non-Hispanic, Asian non-Hispanic, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander non-Hispanic, other race non-Hispanic, multiracial non-Hispanic, or Hispanic.