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. 2022 Mar 18;13:862394. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.862394

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Copyright © 2022 El-Shafey, El-Agawy, Eldosoky, Ebrahim, Elsherbini, El-Sherbiny, Asseri and Elsherbiny

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of dapagliflozin (Dapa) and liraglutide (Lira) or their combination on mRNA expression of (A) tissue TNF-α and (B) tissue caspase-3. Data are represented as mean ± SE, n = 5. **** significance in comparison with control group at p < 0.0001, #### significance in comparison with diabetic group at p < 0.0001, ^~~~~ significance in comparison with DM+Dapa at p < 0.0001, $$$$ significance in comparison with DM+Lira group at p < 0.0001.