Table 2.
Maternal urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations (n = 202).
| Phthalate biomarker | Molecular weight | LOD (μg/L) | > LOD (%) | Measured concentrations | Standardized concentrationsa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentiles (μg/L) | Percentiles (μg/L) | ||||||||
| 5th | 50th | 95th | 5th | 50th | 95th | ||||
| Monoethyl phthalate (MEP) | Low | 0.6 | 100.0 | 23.1 | 121.5 | 1098.0 | 27.9 | 117.8 | 749.0 |
| Mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP) | Low | 0.2 | 100.0 | 10.8 | 47.0 | 220.8 | 13.2 | 38.4 | 151.6 |
| Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) | Low | 0.2 | 100.0 | 11.5 | 60.0 | 625.5 | 14.2 | 44.7 | 689.2 |
| Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) | High | 0.3 | 100.0 | 3.4 | 19.6 | 102.9 | 4.9 | 17.7 | 89.8 |
| Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) | High | 0.2 | 100.0 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 13.1 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 11.2 |
| Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) | High | 0.5 | 98.5 | 0.9 | 8.6 | 42.6 | 1.3 | 7.2 | 30.1 |
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) | High | 0.2 | 100.0 | 6.0 | 31.2 | 118.8 | 7.0 | 25.5 | 98.3 |
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) | High | 0.2 | 100.0 | 5.0 | 24.6 | 83.0 | 5.7 | 20.2 | 76.8 |
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) | High | 0.2 | 100.0 | 11.7 | 43.1 | 176.9 | 12.2 | 38.1 | 142.6 |
| Molar sum of DEHP metabolites (ΣDEHP)b | High | NA | NA | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
| Monocarboxy-iso-octyl phthalate (MCOP) | High | 0.2 | 99.5 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 19.4 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 18.8 |
| Monocarboxy-iso-nonyl phthalate (MCNP) | High | 0.2 | 99.5 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 16.8 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 10.5 |
Phthalate metabolite concentrations are displayed in μg/L for all compounds except for ΣDEHP for which the concentrations are presented as μmol/L. Abbreviations: LOD = limit of detection. NA = not applicable.
a
Measured concentrations were standardized on sampling conditions (hour of sampling, day of sampling, year of sample analysis at the CDC, gestational age at collection, duration of storage at room temperature before freezing) and creatinine concentration using a method based on regression residuals (Mortamais et al. 2012; Philippat et al. 2014).
b
ΣDEHP was calculated by summing molar concentrations of MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP.