Table 2.
Problem gambling and associated factors among boys in ninth grade of primary school based on data collected in southern Sweden in 2016.
| Factorsa | Boys (n) | Problem gambling, n (%) | No problem gambling, n (%) | Estimated difference in percent (95% highest density interval)b | Odds ratio (95% highest density interval) |
| Often feeling low | 3855 | 52 (11.6) | 278 (8.2) | 3.4 (0.8 to 6.0) | 1.47 (1.10 to 1.87) |
| Often feeling anxious | 3845 | 46 (10.3) | 225 (6.6) | 3.6 (1.2 to 6.1) | 1.61 (1.18 to 2.08) |
| Satisfied with health | 3919 | 404 (88.2) | 3257 (94.1) | –5.8 (–8.4 to –3.3) | 0.47 (0.35 to 0.60) |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 3852 | 16 (3.6) | 81 (2.4) | 1.1 (–0.3 to 2.7) | 1.50 (0.85 to 2.22) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 3853 | 13 (3) | 67 (2) | 0.9 (–0.4 to 2.3) | 1.49 (0.79 to 2.30) |
| Poor sleep | 3979 | 202 (43.3) | 897 (25.5) | 17.8 (14.0 to 21.9) | 2.23 (1.86 to 2.61) |
| Loneliness | 3964 | 58 (12.5) | 276 (7.9) | 4.5 (2.0 to 7.2) | 1.66 (1.25 to 2.09) |
| Tried smoking | 3940 | 226 (49.3) | 963 (27.7) | 21.7 (17.7 to 25.8) | 2.55 (2.14 to 2.98) |
| Tried alcohol | 3976 | 357 (77.3) | 1857 (52.8) | 24.5 (20.9 to 27.9) | 3.04 (2.49 to 3.66) |
| Tried other substances | 3939 | 73 (15.9) | 172 (4.9) | 10.9 (8.1 to 13.8) | 3.63 (2.78 to 4.56) |
aThe number of respondents with problem gambling and no problem gambling differ for each factor owing to missing data. The number of respondents for each factor are provided in Table S1 of Multimedia Appendix 1.
bEstimated differences and odds ratios with 95% probability that are above the prespecified cutoff for practical equivalence are in italics.