| Beech |
OL |
Water |
RANEY® Ni |
360 |
3 |
70 (H2) |
10.1 |
P, 4-propylphenol |
117
|
| Birch |
OL |
Methanol |
Ni1–Fe1/AC |
200 |
6 |
20 (H2) |
20.3 |
DI, SYP |
118
|
| Oak |
OL |
Methanol |
Pd/C |
180 |
2 |
30 (H2) |
25.0 |
DI, SYP |
119
|
| Corn cob |
OL |
Methanol |
ZnMoO4/MCM-41 |
220 |
4 |
30 (H2) |
14.3 |
Methyl ferulate, methyl coumarate |
120
|
| Poplar |
AML |
Water/methanol (1 : 1, v/v) |
Pt/Al2O3
|
300 |
2 |
30 (H2) |
18.9 |
D, SYP, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(1E)-1-propen-1-yl]phenol, 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
121
|
| Empty fruit bunches |
OL |
Water/ethanol (7 : 13, v/v) |
Ru/Hβ
|
225 |
6 |
40 (H2) |
16.5 |
DI, isoeugenol |
122
|
| Moso bamboo |
OL |
Water/ethanol (6 : 4, v/v) |
Pd/NbOPO4
|
100 |
20 |
20 (H2) |
22.4 |
D, E |
74
|
| Bagasse |
OL |
Isopropyl alcohol |
Ni/ZrP |
260 |
4 |
20 (H2) |
15.1 |
E |
123
|
| Bagasse |
OL |
Isopropyl alcohol |
Ni/MgO |
270 |
4 |
30 (H2) |
15.0 |
E |
124
|
| Corncob residue |
OL |
Water/N-butanol (4 : 6, v/v) |
Ni/HZSM-5 |
300 |
4 |
20 (H2) |
19.5 |
E, 4-ethylguaiacol |
125
|
| Bagasse |
OL |
Methyl isobutyl ketone |
H-USY |
350 |
1 |
20 (H2) |
19.4 |
P, G, E |
126
|
| Cork |
KL |
Water |
NiMoS2/C |
300 |
5 |
30 mL min−1 (H2) Ar : H2 (1 : 2) |
— |
Organic acid |
127
|
| Birch |
LS |
Methanol |
Ni/MgAlO–C |
200 |
6 |
10 (H2) |
22 |
Aromatic mixture |
128
|
| — |
Indulin AT™ |
Water |
S2O82−/ZrO2–TiO2–SiO2/Pt/C |
270 |
1 |
20 (H2) |
6.81 |
Aromatic compounds |
129
|
| — |
OL |
Ethanol |
Pd/C |
400 |
— |
50 (H2) |
13.5 |
2-Propylresorcinol and 2-ethylcatechol or 3-methoxycatechol, 4-methylcatechol (without the catalyst) |
130
|
| Sorghum straw |
AHL |
Ethanol |
Ni/Al-SBA-15(20) |
280 |
4 |
10 (H2) |
17.83 |
G, phenolic monomer |
131
|
| Poplar |
AHL |
Water/methanol (3 : 7, v/v) |
Pd/C |
200 |
3 |
20 (H2) |
35.5 |
4-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
132
|
| Castor seeds |
C-lignin |
Methanol |
Ru/ZnO/C |
200 |
4 |
30 (H2) |
51 |
Propenylcatechol |
133
|
| Birch |
— |
Methanol |
Pd0.25/CNx
|
250 |
3 |
30 (H2) |
52.7C% |
Phenolic monomers |
134
|
| Birch |
OL |
Water/ethanol |
Ru@NCM-800 |
300 |
2 |
10 (H2) |
30.5 |
Aromatic monomers |
135
|
| Switchgrass |
ILL |
Isopropyl alcohol |
5% Ru/C |
300 |
3 |
20 (N2) |
27 |
4-Ethylguaiacol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(1E)-1-propen-1-yl]phenol, isoeugenol |
136
|
| Sorghum |
DES lignin |
Isopropyl alcohol |
5 wt% Ru/C |
270 |
1 |
N2
|
27.39 |
P, E, 4-ethylguaiacol, DI |
137
|
| — |
KL |
Isopropyl alcohol/water |
Rh/La2O3/CeO2–ZrO2 + Fe |
373 |
2 |
— |
26.4 |
— |
138
|
| — |
LS |
Water/n-butanol/isopropyl alcohol (1 : 1 : 3, v/v/v) |
RANEY® Ni |
200 |
2 |
10 (N2) |
11.6 |
4-Ethylguaiacol |
139
|
| Corn straw |
EL |
Isopropyl alcohol/water (2 : 1, v/v) |
Ni50Pd50/SBA-15 |
220 |
8 |
5 (N2) |
8.14 |
E, 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, SYP |
140
|
| Birch |
AHL |
245 |
8 |
18.52 |
SYP |
| Beech |
OL |
Isopropyl alcohol |
Ni/Al2O3
|
170 |
12 |
10 (N2) |
13.4 |
2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[(1E)-1-propen-1-yl]phenol, SA, CA |
141
|
| — |
KL |
Ethanol |
Ru/C + MgO/ZrO2
|
350 |
1 |
10 (N2) |
7.32 |
Butyl hydroxyanisole, 2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol |
142
|
| Straw |
AL |
Supercritical ethanol |
Cu/ZSM-5(30) |
440 |
5 |
10 (N2) |
98.2 |
Monoaromatic compound |
143
|
| Poplar |
OL |
Acetone/isopropyl alcohol |
ZnIn2S photocatalyst |
42 |
24 |
Ar |
10 |
p-Hydroxyacetophenone derivatives |
144
|
| Birch |
AHL |
Methanol/water (1 : 2, mol mol−1) |
Pt/γ-Al2O3
|
230 |
3 |
30 (N2) |
46.1 |
4-Propyl-syringol |
145
|
| Birch |
Untreated |
Water/ethanol (1 : 1, v/v) |
Co o-phenanthroline/C |
200 |
4 |
Ar |
15 |
4-Propyl-syringol |
146
|
| 11 |
4-Propenyl-syringol |
| Poplar |
OL |
Ethanol/isopropyl alcohol |
Ni10Cu5/C |
270 |
4 |
10 (N2) |
63.4 |
DI, SYP |
147
|
