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. 2022 Mar 31;140(5):486–494. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.0050

Table. Characteristics of Included Studies.

Source, location Study period Subset characteristics Sample sizea Diabetes duration, mean (SD) [range], y DR grading method Fundus photography Quality score
prevalence analysisb 		Quality score progression rate analysisc
Arun and Taylor,18 2008, British Isles 1989-1998 NA 59 14.4 (8) Eurodiab Yes 10 14
Axer-Siegel et al,9 1996, Israel 1989-1994 NA 65 13.6 (6.4) [2-29] Otherd Yes 12 16
Buchbinder et al,19 2000, US 1997-1999 Insulin lispro group 12 15.6 (8.2) Modified Airlie House Yes 10 12
Regular insulin group 42 14.6 (8.2)
Chew et al,20 1995, US 1983 NA 155 11.9 (7.0) Modified Airlie House Yes 12 17
Dibble et al,21 1982, US NR NA 55 12.44 Other Yes 10 12
Klein et al,22 1990, US 1982-1986 NA 133 11 (6.9) Modified Airlie House Yes 12 17
Laatikainen et al,23 1980, Finland 1978-1979 NA 73 (1-28) Other Yes 9 13
Lapolla et al,24 1998, Italy NR NA 16 11.2 (7.1) ETDRS Yes 11 16
Lauszus et al,25 2003, Denmark 1993-1997 NA 103 NR WESDR Yes 13 19
Loukovaara et al,31 2003, Finland 1998-2002 Insulin lispro group 36 16.5 (7.9) ETDRS Yes 12 NA
Regular insulin group 33 14.7 (6.2)
McElvy et al,26 2001, US 1978 NA 205

  • “Stable” group: 12.4 (7.2)

  • “Progressed” group: 13.8 (5.6)

 Modified Airlie House Yes 10 13
Moloney and Drury,32 1982, British Isles 1979-1981 NA 53 10.2 (0.8) Other Yes 11 NA
Phelps et al,27 1986, US 1977-1982 NA 38

  • “No DR” group: 9.9 (2.0)

  • “NPDR” group: 14.2 (1.0)

  • “PDR” group: 13.6 (1.1)

 Modified Airlie House Yes 11 14
Rahman et al,33 2007, Saudi Arabia 1998-2002 NA 54 12.4 (6.4) [2-24] ETDRS No or not described 7 12
Rosenn et al,28 1992, US 1978 NA 154

  • “Stable” group: 10.9 (6.8)

  • “Progressed” group: 13.1 (5.8)

 Other Yes 9 12
Vestgaard et al,8 2010, Denmark 2004-2006 NA 102

  • “Stable” group: 16 (9-24)

  • “Mild progressed” group: 16 (11-23)

  • “ST progressed” group: 17 (15-25)

 Modified WESDR Yes 10 14
Rasmussen et al,29 2010, Denmark 2003-2008 NA 160

  • “Stable” group: 3.3 (2.8)

  • “Progressed” group: 6.7 (4.6)

 Modified WESDR Yes 10 16
Hampshire et al,30 2013, British Isles 2006-2009 T1D 76 NR UK NSCG Yes 10 13
T2D 102 NR

Abbreviations: DR, diabetic retinopathy; ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; NA, not applicable; NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; NR, not reported; NSCG, National Screening Committee guidelines; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; ST, sight-threatening; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; WESDR, Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy.

a

Number of pregnancies.

b

Quality score with respect to a prevalence analysis (maximum possible score of 13 points; detailed quality scoring presented in eTable 4 in the Supplement).

c

Quality score with respect to a progression rate analysis (maximum possible score of 19 points; detailed quality scoring presented in eTable 4 in the Supplement).

d

Other includes trained and accredited grader and diabetes physician.