Table 2.

Diagnostic criteria of germinoma and NGGCT based on tumor markers in Japan, North America, Europe, Korea, and Taiwan

	SIOP-CNS-GCT-96 (Calminus et al.)28	COG ACNS1123 (Fangusaro et al.)29	Japan (Matsutani et al.)3	KSPNO-S053 (Baek et al.)33	Taiwan (Wong et al.)34
Germinoma	Pathological confirmation of the component of germinoma and AFP ≦ 25 ng/ml and HCG ≦ 50 IU/L	Pathological confirmation of the component of germinoma and AFP ≦ 10 ng/ml, and β-HCG ≦ 100 IU/L	Good prognosis group   Pathological confirmation of the component of only germinoma or germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cell	Pathological confirmation of the component of germinoma and AFP ≦ 25 ng/ml, And β-HCG ≦ 50 mIU/ml	Pathological confirmation of the component of germinoma And AFP ≦ 5 ng/dl and β-HCG ≦ 100 mIU/ml
NGGCT	Pathological confirmation of the component of choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma or AFP > 25 ng/ml, or HCG > 50 IU/L	Pathological confirmation of the component of choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma or AFP > 10 ng/ml, or β-HCG > 100 IU/L	Intermediate prognosis group   a) immature teratoma b) teratoma with malignant transformation c) germinoma + teratoma which the main component of tumor is germinoma or teratoma with a small component of malignant tumor in mixed tumor Poor prognosis group a) Choriocarcinoma b) Yolk sac tumor c) Embryonal carcinoma d) Mixed tumor in which main component are a) or b) or c) e) AFP ≧ 2000 ng/ml, or HCG ≧ 2000 mIU/ml	Pathological confirmation of the component of choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma or AFP > 25 ng/ml, or β-HCG > 50 mIU/ml	Pathological confirmation of the component of choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma or AFP > 5 ng/dl, or β-HCG > 100 mIU/ml

Abbreviations: AFP, α-fetoprotein; COG, Children's Oncology Group; HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; KSPNO, Korean Society of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology; SIOP, International Society of Paediatric Oncology.